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Gastronomy Culture from the Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük to 21st century

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3 - FreshPapers, 201 - 212

Mustafa Aksoy Kadir Çetin

https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2024-9-3-201

Öz

Limited prehistoric evidence, such as written sources, provides insight into the lifestyles of ancient individuals and communities, the tools they used, and the perspectives they adopted. Anatolia offers an extraordinary wealth of cultural artifacts as a center of civilizations. Çatalhöyük stands out with its important cultural, artistic, agricultural, and culinary discoveries. This study aimed to identify the traces and reflections of Çatalhöyük's culinary culture in the 21st-century culinary culture. Therefore, it employed a qualitative research design to gather information about culinary culture, human behavior, and environmental dynamics. Participants were asked about their consumption of wild plants, fruit, and seeds and their cooking methods. The study was based on document review and the information obtained from locals to provide various perspectives on the consumption of food resources in Çatalhöyük. Significant findings have emerged, especially regarding the consumption of terebinths, acorns, and plums and their use in the kitchen.


Anahtar Kelimeler

History of gastronomy Culinary culture Nutritional habits Çatalhöyük

Teşekkür

This article is produced from Kadir ÇETİN's master's thesis titled “The cuisine of Catalhoyuk and the impressions of it to the 21th cenrtury” written at Gazi University Institute of Social Sciences.

Kaynakça

  • Agcabay, M., & Duzenli, A. (2005). Çatalhöyük Neolitik Donem Guney Acmalarındaki Cop Yıgınlarının (1996-1998) (The Archaeobotanical Analysis of Midden Deposits (1996-1998). http://fbe.cu.edu.tr/tr/makaleler/2000//ÇATALHÖYÜK.pdf.
  • Akurgal, E. (2014). Anadolu Uygarlıkları (Anatolian Civilizations). Ankara: Phoenix Publishing.
  • Anvari, J., Brady, J., Franz, I., Naumov, G., Orton, D., Ostaptchouk, S., ... & Biehl, P. (2017). Continuous change: venturing into the early Chalcolithic at Çatalhöyük. In S. Sharon R & M. Gregory (Eds.), The Archaeology of Anatolia Volume II: Recent Discoveries (2015-2016) (pp. 6 - 39). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Asouti, E. (2005). Woodland Vegetation and the Exploitation of Fuel and Timber at Neolithic Çatalhöyük: Report on the Wood Charcoal Macro-remains. In Inhabiting Qatalhoyuk: Reportsf rom the 1995-1999 Seasons, Çatalhöyük Project Vol. 4, edited by Ian Hodder, pp. 213–260. McDonald Institute Monographs/British In stitute of Archaeology at Ankara, Cambridge
  • Asouti, E., & Hather, J. (2001). Charcoal Analysis and the Reconstruction of Ancient Woodland Vegetation in the Konya Basin, South-Central Anatolia, Turkey: Results from the Neolithic Site of (Çatalhöyük East. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 10:23-32.
  • Asouti, E., & Fairbairn, A. (2003). Çatalhöyük’un Sırları: Çatalhöyük’ün Kaynakları (Secrets of Çatalhöyük: Sources of Çatalhoyuk), (Translated: Ciler Cilingiroglu), Atlas (124): 55.
  • Atalay, S., & Hastorf, C. A. (2006). Food, meals, and daily activities: food habitus at Neolithic Çatalhöyük. American Antiquity, 71(2), 283-319. https://doi.org/10.2307/40035906
  • Awasthy, R. (2019). Nature of Qualitative Research. Methodological Issues in Management Research: Advances, Challenges, and the Way Ahead. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-973-220191010
  • Ayala, G., Bogaard, A., Charles, M., & Wainwright, J. (2022). Resilience and adaptation of agricultural practice in Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Turkey. World Archaeology, 54(3), 407–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2125058
  • Aytaclı, B. (2012). Durum Çalışmasına Ayrıntılı Bir Bakış (A Detailed Analysis on Case Study), Adnan Menderes Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Egitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3 (1): 1-9.
  • Barrett, D. I., & Twycross, A. (2018). Data collection in qualitative research. Evidence Based Journals, 21, 63-64. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2018-102939
  • Bober, P. P. (2001). Art, Culture and Cusine: Ancient and Medieval Gastronomy. Chicago USA: University of Chicago Press.
  • Bogaard, A., Charles, M., Filipovic, D., Fuller, D., Gonzalez Carretero, L., Green, L., Kabukcu, C., Stroud, E., & Vaiglova, P. (2009). The archaeobotany of Çatalhöyük: results from 2009–2017 excavations and final synthesis. In Peopling the Landscape of Çatalhöyük: Reports from the 2009-2017 Seasons (Vol. 13). British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara.
  • Bogaard, A., Charles, M., Livarda, A., Ergun, M., Filipovic, D., & Jones, G. (2013). The archaeobotany of mid-later occupation levels at Neolithic Çatalhöyük. Humans and landscapes of Çatalhöyük, 93-128.
  • Bogaard, A., Filipovic, D., Fairbairn, A., Green, L., Stroud, E., Fuller, D., & Charles, M. (2017). Agricultural innovation and resilience in a long-lived early farming community: the 1,500-year sequence at Neolithic to early Chalcolithic Çatalhöyük, central Anatolia. Anatolian studies, 67, 1–28. doi:10.1017/S0066154617000072
  • Braidwood, R. J. (1948). Prehistoric Man. Natural History Museum Press. Chicago.
  • Carpenter, V. C. (1999). Household surfaces: botanical remains from the House 3 Structure at Çatalhöyük, Turkey. UC Berkeley McCown Archaeobotany Laboratory Reports, 44.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Nitel Arastırma Yontemleri. Bes Yaklasıma Gore Nitel Arastırma ve Arastırma Deseni (Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches). Translation editor: Mesut Butun Selcuk Besir Demir. Ankara: Siyasal Publishing.
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  • Evershed, R. P., Dudd, S., Copley, M. S., & Mutherjee, A. (2002). Identification of animal fats via compound specific ?13C values of individual fatty acids: assessments of results for reference fats and lipid extracts of archaeological pottery vessels. Documenta Praehistorica, 29, 73-96. https://doi.org/10.4312/DP.29.7
  • Fairbairn, A. (2005). A history of agricultural production at Neolithic Çatalhöyük East, Turkey. World Archaeology, 37(2), 197–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438240500094762
  • Fairbairn, A., Asouti, E., Near, J., & Martinoli, D. (2002). Macro-botanical evidence for plant use at Neolithic Çatalhöyük south-central Anatolia, Turkey. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 11, 41-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/S003340200005
  • Filipovic, D. (2012). An archaeobotanical investigation of plant use, crop husbandry, and animal diet at early-mid Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Central Anatolia [PhD thesis]. University of Oxford.
  • Filipovic, D. (2014). Early farming in Central Anatolia: an archaeobotanical study of crop husbandry, animal diet, and land use at Neolithic Çatalhöyük (Vol. 2667). Archaeopress.
  • González Carretero, L., Wollstonecroft, M., & Fuller, D. Q. (2017). A methodological approach to the study of archaeological cereal meals: a case study at Çatalhöyük East (Turkey). Vegetation history and archaeobotany, 26, 415-432. Doi:10.1007/s00334-017-0602-6
  • Grossoehme, D. H. (2014). Overview of qualitative research. Journal of health care chaplaincy, 20(3), 109–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2014.925660
  • Hastorf, C. (1999). Archaeobotany and Related Plant, Çatalhöyük 1999 Archive Report.
  • Hedges, R. E., & Reynard, L. M. (2007). Nitrogen isotopes and the trophic level of humans in archaeology. Journal of archaeological science, 34(8), 1240–1251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2006.10.015
  • Hendy, J., Colonese, A. C., Franz, I., Fernandes, R., Fischer, R., Orton, D., Lucquin, A., Spindler, L., Anvari, J., Stroud, E., Biehl, P. F., Speller, C., Boivin, N., Mackie, M., Jersie-Christensen, R. R., Olsen, J. V., Collins, M. J., Craig, O. E., & Rosenstock, E. (2018). Ancient proteins from ceramic vessels at Çatalhöyük West reveal the hidden cuisine of early farmers. Nature communications, 9(1), 4064. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06335-6
  • Hodder, I. (2006). Çatalhöyük Leoparın Öyküsü (The Leopard's Tale: Revealing the Mysteries of Çatalhöyük) (Translated: Sendil, D). Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Publishing.
  • Jackson, R. L., Drummond, D. K., & Camara, S. K. (2007). What Is Qualitative Research? Qualitative Research Reports in Communication, 8, 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/17459430701617879
  • Katz, S., & Weaver, W. (2003). Encyclopedia of Food and Culture (Scribner library of daily life). New York: Scribner.
  • Kuijt, I. (2000). People and Space in Early Agricultural Villages: Exploring Daily Lives, Community Size, and Architecture in the Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 19(1), 75–102. https://doi.org/10.1006/jaar.1999.0352
  • Larsen, C. S., Hillson, S. W., Boz, B., Pilloud, M. A., Sadvari, J. W., Agarwal, S. C., Glencross, B., Beauchesne, P., Pearson, J., Ruff, C. B., Garofalo, E. M., Hager, L. D., Haddow, S. D., & Knüsel, C. J. (2015). Bioarchaeology of Neolithic Çatalhöyük: Lives and Lifestyles of an Early Farming Society in Transition. Journal of World Prehistory, 28(1), 27–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10963-015-9084-6
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  • Mellaart, J. (1962). Excavations at Catal Huyuk: First Preliminary Report 1961. Anatolian Studies (12): 41–65.
  • Mellaart, J. (2003). Çatalhöyük, Anadolu’da Neolitik Bir Kent (Catal Huyuk a Neolithic Town in Anatolia) (Translated: G B Yazıcıoğlu). Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Publishing.
  • Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education.
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Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3 - FreshPapers, 201 - 212

Mustafa Aksoy Kadir Çetin

https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2024-9-3-201

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Agcabay, M., & Duzenli, A. (2005). Çatalhöyük Neolitik Donem Guney Acmalarındaki Cop Yıgınlarının (1996-1998) (The Archaeobotanical Analysis of Midden Deposits (1996-1998). http://fbe.cu.edu.tr/tr/makaleler/2000//ÇATALHÖYÜK.pdf.
  • Akurgal, E. (2014). Anadolu Uygarlıkları (Anatolian Civilizations). Ankara: Phoenix Publishing.
  • Anvari, J., Brady, J., Franz, I., Naumov, G., Orton, D., Ostaptchouk, S., ... & Biehl, P. (2017). Continuous change: venturing into the early Chalcolithic at Çatalhöyük. In S. Sharon R & M. Gregory (Eds.), The Archaeology of Anatolia Volume II: Recent Discoveries (2015-2016) (pp. 6 - 39). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Asouti, E. (2005). Woodland Vegetation and the Exploitation of Fuel and Timber at Neolithic Çatalhöyük: Report on the Wood Charcoal Macro-remains. In Inhabiting Qatalhoyuk: Reportsf rom the 1995-1999 Seasons, Çatalhöyük Project Vol. 4, edited by Ian Hodder, pp. 213–260. McDonald Institute Monographs/British In stitute of Archaeology at Ankara, Cambridge
  • Asouti, E., & Hather, J. (2001). Charcoal Analysis and the Reconstruction of Ancient Woodland Vegetation in the Konya Basin, South-Central Anatolia, Turkey: Results from the Neolithic Site of (Çatalhöyük East. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 10:23-32.
  • Asouti, E., & Fairbairn, A. (2003). Çatalhöyük’un Sırları: Çatalhöyük’ün Kaynakları (Secrets of Çatalhöyük: Sources of Çatalhoyuk), (Translated: Ciler Cilingiroglu), Atlas (124): 55.
  • Atalay, S., & Hastorf, C. A. (2006). Food, meals, and daily activities: food habitus at Neolithic Çatalhöyük. American Antiquity, 71(2), 283-319. https://doi.org/10.2307/40035906
  • Awasthy, R. (2019). Nature of Qualitative Research. Methodological Issues in Management Research: Advances, Challenges, and the Way Ahead. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-973-220191010
  • Ayala, G., Bogaard, A., Charles, M., & Wainwright, J. (2022). Resilience and adaptation of agricultural practice in Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Turkey. World Archaeology, 54(3), 407–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2125058
  • Aytaclı, B. (2012). Durum Çalışmasına Ayrıntılı Bir Bakış (A Detailed Analysis on Case Study), Adnan Menderes Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Egitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3 (1): 1-9.
  • Barrett, D. I., & Twycross, A. (2018). Data collection in qualitative research. Evidence Based Journals, 21, 63-64. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2018-102939
  • Bober, P. P. (2001). Art, Culture and Cusine: Ancient and Medieval Gastronomy. Chicago USA: University of Chicago Press.
  • Bogaard, A., Charles, M., Filipovic, D., Fuller, D., Gonzalez Carretero, L., Green, L., Kabukcu, C., Stroud, E., & Vaiglova, P. (2009). The archaeobotany of Çatalhöyük: results from 2009–2017 excavations and final synthesis. In Peopling the Landscape of Çatalhöyük: Reports from the 2009-2017 Seasons (Vol. 13). British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara.
  • Bogaard, A., Charles, M., Livarda, A., Ergun, M., Filipovic, D., & Jones, G. (2013). The archaeobotany of mid-later occupation levels at Neolithic Çatalhöyük. Humans and landscapes of Çatalhöyük, 93-128.
  • Bogaard, A., Filipovic, D., Fairbairn, A., Green, L., Stroud, E., Fuller, D., & Charles, M. (2017). Agricultural innovation and resilience in a long-lived early farming community: the 1,500-year sequence at Neolithic to early Chalcolithic Çatalhöyük, central Anatolia. Anatolian studies, 67, 1–28. doi:10.1017/S0066154617000072
  • Braidwood, R. J. (1948). Prehistoric Man. Natural History Museum Press. Chicago.
  • Carpenter, V. C. (1999). Household surfaces: botanical remains from the House 3 Structure at Çatalhöyük, Turkey. UC Berkeley McCown Archaeobotany Laboratory Reports, 44.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Nitel Arastırma Yontemleri. Bes Yaklasıma Gore Nitel Arastırma ve Arastırma Deseni (Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches). Translation editor: Mesut Butun Selcuk Besir Demir. Ankara: Siyasal Publishing.
  • DeNiro, M. J., & Epstein, S. (1978). Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, 42(5), 495-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(78)90199-0
  • Evershed, R. P., Dudd, S., Copley, M. S., & Mutherjee, A. (2002). Identification of animal fats via compound specific ?13C values of individual fatty acids: assessments of results for reference fats and lipid extracts of archaeological pottery vessels. Documenta Praehistorica, 29, 73-96. https://doi.org/10.4312/DP.29.7
  • Fairbairn, A. (2005). A history of agricultural production at Neolithic Çatalhöyük East, Turkey. World Archaeology, 37(2), 197–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438240500094762
  • Fairbairn, A., Asouti, E., Near, J., & Martinoli, D. (2002). Macro-botanical evidence for plant use at Neolithic Çatalhöyük south-central Anatolia, Turkey. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 11, 41-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/S003340200005
  • Filipovic, D. (2012). An archaeobotanical investigation of plant use, crop husbandry, and animal diet at early-mid Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Central Anatolia [PhD thesis]. University of Oxford.
  • Filipovic, D. (2014). Early farming in Central Anatolia: an archaeobotanical study of crop husbandry, animal diet, and land use at Neolithic Çatalhöyük (Vol. 2667). Archaeopress.
  • González Carretero, L., Wollstonecroft, M., & Fuller, D. Q. (2017). A methodological approach to the study of archaeological cereal meals: a case study at Çatalhöyük East (Turkey). Vegetation history and archaeobotany, 26, 415-432. Doi:10.1007/s00334-017-0602-6
  • Grossoehme, D. H. (2014). Overview of qualitative research. Journal of health care chaplaincy, 20(3), 109–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2014.925660
  • Hastorf, C. (1999). Archaeobotany and Related Plant, Çatalhöyük 1999 Archive Report.
  • Hedges, R. E., & Reynard, L. M. (2007). Nitrogen isotopes and the trophic level of humans in archaeology. Journal of archaeological science, 34(8), 1240–1251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2006.10.015
  • Hendy, J., Colonese, A. C., Franz, I., Fernandes, R., Fischer, R., Orton, D., Lucquin, A., Spindler, L., Anvari, J., Stroud, E., Biehl, P. F., Speller, C., Boivin, N., Mackie, M., Jersie-Christensen, R. R., Olsen, J. V., Collins, M. J., Craig, O. E., & Rosenstock, E. (2018). Ancient proteins from ceramic vessels at Çatalhöyük West reveal the hidden cuisine of early farmers. Nature communications, 9(1), 4064. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06335-6
  • Hodder, I. (2006). Çatalhöyük Leoparın Öyküsü (The Leopard's Tale: Revealing the Mysteries of Çatalhöyük) (Translated: Sendil, D). Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Publishing.
  • Jackson, R. L., Drummond, D. K., & Camara, S. K. (2007). What Is Qualitative Research? Qualitative Research Reports in Communication, 8, 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/17459430701617879
  • Katz, S., & Weaver, W. (2003). Encyclopedia of Food and Culture (Scribner library of daily life). New York: Scribner.
  • Kuijt, I. (2000). People and Space in Early Agricultural Villages: Exploring Daily Lives, Community Size, and Architecture in the Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 19(1), 75–102. https://doi.org/10.1006/jaar.1999.0352
  • Larsen, C. S., Hillson, S. W., Boz, B., Pilloud, M. A., Sadvari, J. W., Agarwal, S. C., Glencross, B., Beauchesne, P., Pearson, J., Ruff, C. B., Garofalo, E. M., Hager, L. D., Haddow, S. D., & Knüsel, C. J. (2015). Bioarchaeology of Neolithic Çatalhöyük: Lives and Lifestyles of an Early Farming Society in Transition. Journal of World Prehistory, 28(1), 27–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10963-015-9084-6
  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park CA: Sage Publications.
  • Martin-Merino, M. (2021). The Neolithic Revolution: Agriculture, sedentary lifestyle and its consequences. Cambridge Open Engage. doi:10.33774/coe-2021-2589h This content is a preprint and has not been peer-reviewed.
  • Matrin, L., & Aydınoglugil, B. (2003). Çatalhöyük Hayvanları (Çatalhoyuk Animals), Atlas (124): 67.
  • Mellaart, J. (1962). Excavations at Catal Huyuk: First Preliminary Report 1961. Anatolian Studies (12): 41–65.
  • Mellaart, J. (2003). Çatalhöyük, Anadolu’da Neolitik Bir Kent (Catal Huyuk a Neolithic Town in Anatolia) (Translated: G B Yazıcıoğlu). Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Publishing.
  • Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education.
  • Mükemre, M., Behçet, L., & Çakılcıoğlu, U. (2016). Survey of wild food plants for human consumption in villages of Çatak (Van-Turkey). Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 15(2):183-191
  • Nadel, C. (2016). Case Study Research Design and Methods.
  • Olsson, O., & Paik, C. (2016). Long-run cultural divergence: Evidence from the neolithic revolution. Journal of Development Economics, 122, 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.05.003
  • Ozdogan, M. (2007). Neolitik Donem Gunumuz Uygarlıgının Temel Tasları (Basic Stones of the Present-day Civilization of the Neolithic Period) in Basgelen 12000 Yıl Once Uygarlıgın Anadolu’dan Avrupa’ya Yolculugunun Başlangıcı” Neolitik Donem. Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Publishing.
  • Patton, Q. M. (1987). How to Use Qualitative Methods in Evaluation. Newsbury Park London New Delhi: Sage Publications.
  • Pearson, J. A., Bogaard, A., Charles, M., Hillson, S. W., Larsen, C. S., Russell, N., & Twiss, K. (2015). Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis at Neolithic Çatalhöyük: evidence for human and animal diet and their relationship to households. Journal of Archaeological Science, 57, 69–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2015.01.007
  • Polkinghorne, D. E. (2005). Language and meaning: Data collection in qualitative research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 137–145.
  • Richards, M. P., Pearson, J. A., Molleson, T. I., Russell, N., & Martin, L. (2003). Stable isotope evidence of diet at Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Turkey. Journal of archaeological science, 30(1), 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2001.0825
  • Rosenstock, E., Anvari, J., Franz, I., Orton, D. C., Ostaptchouk, S., Stroud, E., & Biehl, P. (2019). The transition between the East and West Mounds at Çatalhöyük around 6000 cal BC: a view from the West. In A. Marciniak (Ed.), Concluding the Neolithic: The Near East in the Second Half of the Seventh Millennium (pp. 163-192). Lockwood Press.
  • Russell, N., Martin, L., & Twiss, K. C. (2009). Building memories: commemorative deposits at Çatalhöyük. Anthropozoologica, 44(1), 103–125. https://doi.org/10.5252/az2009n1a5
  • Russell, N., Twiss, K., Orton, D. C., & Demirergi, A. (2013). More on the Çatalhöyük mammal remains. In Humans and landscapes of Çatalhöyük: reports from the 2000-2008 seasons (pp. 213-258). Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press.
  • Ryan, P. (2011). Plants as material culture in the Near Eastern Neolithic: Perspectives from the silica skeleton artifactual remains at Çatalhöyük. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 30(3), 292–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAA.2011.06.002
  • Salque, M., Radi, G., Tagliacozzo, A., Uria, B. P., Wolfram, S., Hohle, I., Stauble, H., Hofmann, D., Whittle, A. W., Pechtl, J., Schade-Lindig, S., Eisenhauer, U., & Evershed, R. P. (2012). New insights into the Early Neolithic economy and management of animals in Southern and Central Europe revealed using lipid residue analyses of pottery vessels. Anthropozoologica, 47(2):45-62. https://doi.org/10.5252/az2012n2a4
  • Santiago-Marrero, C. G., Tsoraki, C., Lancelotti, C., & Madella, M. (2021). A microbotanical and microwear perspective to plant processing activities and foodways at Neolithic Çatalhöyük. Plos one, 16(6), e0252312. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252312
  • Steward, G. F., & Amerine, M. A. (1973). Introduction to Food Science and Technology. New York: Academic Press.
  • Stiles, W. B. (1993). Quality control in qualitative research. Clinical Psychology Review, 13, 593–618. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(93)90048-Q
  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Thousand Oaks CA US: Sage Publications.
  • Stroud, E. (2016). An archaeobotanical investigation into the Chalcolithic economy and social organisation of central Anatolia (Doctoral dissertation, University of Oxford).
  • Uhri, A. (2011). Bogaz Derdi Arkeolojik, Arkeobotanik, Tarihsel ve Etimolojik Veriler Isiginda Tarim ve Beslenmenin Kültür Tarihi. Istanbul: Ege Publishing.
  • Vural, R., & Cenkseven, F. (2005). Egitim Araştırmalarında Ornek Olay (Vaka) Calısmaları: Tanımı, Turleri, Asamaları ve Raporlastırılması (Case Studies In Educational Research: Definition, Types, Stages And Reporting Of Case Study Research). Burdur Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi 6 (10): 25-38.
  • Williams, R. (2005). Anahtar Sozcukler (Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society). (Translated: S. Kılıc). Istanbul: Iletisim Publishing.
  • Yalman, N. (2006). Toprak Kaplardan Yasama Dair Neler Anliyoruz? Topraktan Sonsuzluga Çatalhöyük (From Earth to Eternity Çatalhöyük). Istanbul: Yap Kredi Kültür ve Sanat Publishing.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Simsek, H. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yontemleri (Qualitative Research Methods in The Social Sciences). Ankara: Seckin Publishing.
  • Yin, R. K. (1984). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Beverly Hills, Calif: Sage Publications.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Contents
Yazarlar

Mustafa Aksoy 0000-0002-3845-1267

Kadir Çetin 0000-0003-0102-8913

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Nisan 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3 - FreshPapers

Kaynak Göster

APA Aksoy, M., & Çetin, K. (2024). Gastronomy Culture from the Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük to 21st century. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism, 9(3), 201-212. https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2024-9-3-201
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