Öz
Yöneticilerin kişilik özellikleri, algılama tarzları, yönetim yaklaşımları ve olayları değerlendirme biçimleri onların karar verme tarzlarını etkileyebilmektedir. Bununla birlikte yöneticilerin, yönetim sürecinde genellikle sezgisel veya rasyonel karar biçimlerinden birini tercih ettikleri bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma, yöneticilerin karar verme davranışlarını rasyonellik ve sezgisellik çerçevesinde incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Araştırma, aile işletmelerinde yöneticilerin karar verme biçimlerinin nasıl odluğunu, rasyonel veya sezgisel hangi karar verme biçimini tercih ettiklerini incelemeyi amaçladığı için araştırma nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması olarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma örneklemi amaçlı örnekleme tekniğine göre belirlenmiştir ve 19 aile işletmesi yöneticisini kapsamaktadır. Araştırma verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu yardımıyla farklı alanlarda faaliyet gösteren 19 aile işletmesi yöneticisinden toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler nitel içerik analizine göre analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre yöneticiler, karar süreçlerinde rasyonel, sınırlı rasyonel veya sezgisel tüm karar verme türlerini kullanmaktadır. Katılımcılar konjonktürün ve olayları değerIendirme tarzlarının karar verme sürecini belirlediğini ifade etmişlerdir. Araştırma sonuçları, karar verme sürecindeki koşulları algılamanın ve değerlendirmenin karar sürecini etkilediğini göstermektedir. Bu sonuç kararların olayların algılanmasına ve dolayısıyla kişilik özelliklerine bağı olarak verildiğini göstermektedir. Bu durum kararların sadece olgusal/rasyonel süreçlere göre değil, öznel ve algısal süreçlere göre verildiğini göstermesi bakımından önem taşımaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Manager decision making rational decision making intuitive decision making
Kaynakça
- Altman, M. (2017). A bounded rationality assessment of the new behavioral economics.
- In Frantz, R., Chen, Shu-Heng, Dopfer, K., Heukelom, F. & Mousavi, S. (Eds.). Routledge Handbook of Behavioral Economics. (179-193) New York, NY: Routledge.
- Ayyıldız Ünnü, N.A. (2012), Örgütsel bağlamda karar verme eylemi ve dinamikleri: Türkiye için bir model önerisi, (PhD Thesis). Ege University.
- Baldacchino, L., Ucbasaran, D., Cabantous, L. & Lockett A. (2015). Entrepreneurship research on intuition: A Critical analysis and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 17(2), 212-231. Doi:10.1111/ijmr.12056.
- Başkale, H. (2016). Nitel araştırmalarda geçerlik, güvenirlik ve örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 9(1)0, 23-28.
- Bogdan, R.C. & Biklen, S.K. (1992). Qualitative research for education: introduction and methods. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Bulog, I. & Eglite, E. (2016). The role of intuition in strategic decision making in croatian companies. 21 Jun 2021, retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317013060_The_Role_of_Intuition_in_Strategic_Decision_Making_in_Croatian_Companies.
- Certo, T., Connelly, B.L. & Tihany, L. (2008). Managers and their not-so- rational decisions. Business Horizons. 51(1), 113-119. Doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2007.11.002
- Corbin, J. & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research. (3rd Edt.), California: Sage Publications
- Cozby, C.P. (1989). Methods in behavioral research. (4th Edt.), Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Company
- Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (2017). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
- Devi, S., Nayak, M. M., & Patnaik, S. (2020). Decision-making models and tools: a critical study. International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 19(2), 176-206.
- Di Caprio, D., Santos-Arteaga, F. J. & Tavana, M. (2016). An optimal sequential information acquisition model subject to a heuristic assimilation constraint. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 23(4), 937 – 982. Doı: 10.1108/BIJ-01-2014-0008.
- Epstein, S. (1994). Integration of the cognitive and psychodynamic unconscious. American Psychologist, 49(8), 709-724. Doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.49.8.709.
- Gedo, T. (2011). A behavioral economics approach to internationalization of born global firms: An exploratory investigation, (Ph. D Thesis) Univ. Manchester, Dept. Business Administratıon.
- Gog, M. (2015). Case study research. International Journal of Sales, Retailing & Marketing, 4(9), 33-41.
- Goldfarb, A., Ho, T., Amaldoss, W., Brown, AL., Chen, Y., Cui, T.H., …… Yang, B. (2012). Behavioral models of managerial decision-making. Mark Lett, 23(2), 405-42. Doi: 10.1007/s11002-012-9183-4
- Hodgkinson, G. P., Langan‐Fox, J., & Sadler‐Smith, E. (2008). Intuition: A fundamental bridging construct in the behavioural sciences. British Journal of Psychology, 99(1), 1-27.
- Hoffrage, U. & Marewski, J.N. (2015). Unveiling the lady in black: Modeling and aiding intuition. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 4(3), 145-163. Doi:10.1348/000712607X216666
- Hogarth, R.M. (2001). Educating intuition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- Howard, J. (2014). Heuristic, intuition, or impulse: how to tell the difference and why it is important to decision makers. 01 February 2022, retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274895366.
- Jung, C. (1976). Collected works: Six psychological types. Princeton, N.J: Princeton Univ. Press
- Kahneman, D. (2003). A psychological perspective on economics. The American Economic Review, 93(2), 162. Doi: 10.1257/000282803321946985.
- Kahneman, D. (2003). A perspective on judgment and choice mapping bounded rationality. American Psychologist, 58(9), 697-72. Doi:10.1037/0003-066X.58.9.697.
- Kahneman, D. (2015). Hızlı ve yavaş düşünme. (Çev. O. Ç. Deniztekin, F. N. Deniztekin), İstanbul: Varlık Yayınları.
- Kavurmacı, C. (2014). Stratejik karar verme sürecinde bilişsel yaklaşım: Üst kademe yöneticiler üzerine nitel bir araştırma. (Yayılanmamış Yükseklisans Tezi) Uludağ Üniversitesi.
- Khatri, N. & Ng, H.A. (2000). The role of intuition in strategic decision-making. Human Relations, 53 (1), 57-86. Doi: 10.1177/0018726700531004.
- Kitapcı, İ. (2017). Rasyonaliteden irrasyonaliteye: Davranışsal iktisat yaklaşımı ve bilişsel önyargılar. Maliye Araştırma Dergisi, 3(1), 85-102.
- Klein, G. (2003), The power of intuition: How to use your gut feelings to make better decisions at work, New York, NY: Doubleday.
- Klein, G., Calderwood, R. & Clinton-Cirocco, A. (2010). Rapid decision making on the fire ground: The original study plus a postscript. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 4 (3), 186-209. Doi: 10.1518/155534310X12844000801203.
- Lincoln, Y. S. & Guba, E. G. (1986). Naturalistic inquiry. Inc: Sage Publications.
- Logachev, M. (2016). Akratic homo economics: does the neoclassical economic theory "rational agent" assumption accurately depict human nature? (Master Thesis) University of Denver, Faculty of Social Sciences.
- Mayring, P. (2011). Nitel sosyal araştırmaya giriş. (Çev. A. Gümüş, and M. S. Durgun), Ankara: Bilgesu.
- McMillan, J. H. & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research in education evidence-based inquiry, New York, NY: Pearson Education.
- Merriam, S. B. (2015), Nitel araştırma desen ve uygulama için bir rehber. (Çev. S. Turan), Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık., İstanbul Mullainathan, S. & Thaler, R.H. (2014). Behavioral economics, mit department of economics: Working paper series 00-27, september 2000. 09 February 2022, retrieved, from http://papers.ssrn.com/paper.taf?abstract_id=245828.
- Neuman, W.L. (2006). Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri, nitel ve nicel yaklaşımlar. (Çev. Ö. Sedef), İstanbu: Yayınodası Yayıncılık.
- Patton, J. R., (2003). Intuition in decisions. Management Decision, 41(10), 989-996. Doi: 10.1108/00251740310509517
- Patton, M. Q. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri. (Çev. Bütün M. and S. B. Demir) Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Pretz, J. E. & Toz, K.S. (2007). Measuring individual differences in the affective, heuristic, and holistic intuition. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(5), 1247-1257. Doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.03.015.
- Rick, S. & Loewenstein, G. (2008). Role of emotion in economic behavior. (4th Edt.), New York: The Guilford Press. Robbins, S., Decenzo, D. & Coulter, M. (2016), Yönetimin esasları, (Çev. Eds: Öğüt, D.), Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
- Rubin, E. L. (2005). Rational choice, and rat choice: Some thoughts on the relationship among rationality, markets, and human beings. Chicago-Kent Law Review, 80(3), 1091.
- Rue, L. W. & Byers. L.L. (2003). Management: Skills and application. Boston: Mc Graw Hill.
- Sadler-Smith, E. & Shefy, E. (2004). The intuitive executive: Understanding and applying 'gut feel' in decision-making. Academic Journal, 18(3), 76-91. Doi:10.5465/ame.2004.15268692.
- Schermerhorn, J. R. (2012). Management. New Jersey: Wiley.
- Seal, K. (1990), Decision-makers rely on honed intuition. Hotel and Motel Management, p 205.
- Secchi, D. (2011). Extendable rationality, understanding decision making in organizations. New York. NY: Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg.
- Simon H. A. (1977). The new science of management decision. (2nd Edt.), New Jersey. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Simon, H. A. (1986). Rationality in psychology and economics. The Journal of Business, 59(4), S209-S224.
- Simon, H.A. (1955). A behavioral model of choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69(1), 99-118.
- Simon, H.A. (1960). The new science of management decision. New York: NY: Happer & Row. Sinclair, M. & Ashkanasy, N.M. (2005). Intuition: The myth of a decision-making tool? Management Learning, 36(3), 353-370. Doi: 10.1177/1350507605055351.
- Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1994). Grounded theory methodology-an overview. In Norman, K.D. & Vannaeds, S.L.Y. (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 21-23), Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
- Thaler, R. H. & Camerer, C. (1995). Anomalies: Ultimatums, dictators and manners. The Journal of Economic Perspective, 9(2), 208-210. Doi:10.1257/jep.9.2.209.
- Thaler, R. H. (1988). Anomalies: The winner's curse. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2(1), 191-202. Doi: 10.1257/jep.2.1.191.
- Thaler, R. H. & Sunstein, C. R., (2017), Dürtme: Sağlık, zenginlik ve mutluluk ilgili kararları uygulamak. (Çev. E. Günsel), İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları.
- Towler, M. & Keast, S. (2009). Rational decision-making for managers: an introduction, Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
- Turpin, S. M. & Marais, M. A. (2004). Decision-making: theory and practice. Orion (N.R.), 20(2), 143-160. Doi:10.5784/20-2-12.
- Tutar, H. & Erdem, A. (2020). Örnekleriyle bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık pp. 99-105
- Yin, R. K. (1984), Case study research: Design and methods, California: Sage Publications.
- Yin, R. K. (2017). Durum çalışması araştırma uygulamaları. (Çeviren: İ. GünbayAnkara: Nobel Yayın. pp. 100-150.
Öz
The personality traits of the managers, their perception styles, management approaches and the way they evaluate the events can affect their decision-making styles. However, it is known that managers generally prefer one of the intuitive or rational decision forms in the management process. This study aimed to examine managers' decision-making behaviors within the rationality and heuristics framework. The research is designed as a case study, one of the qualitative research designs, as it aims to examine the decision-making styles of the managers in family businesses and which rational or intuitive decision-making style they prefer. The research sample was determined according to the purposive sampling technique and includes 19 family business managers. Research data were collected from 19 family business managers operating in different fields with the help of a semi-structured interview form. The collected data were analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. According to the research findings, managers use all rational, limited rational or intuitive decision-making types in their decision processes. Participants stated that the conjuncture and their way of evaluating events determine the decision-making process. The research results show that perceiving and evaluating the conditions in the decision-making process affects the decision-making process. This result shows that decisions are made depending on the perception of events and personality traits. This situation is critical because it shows that decisions are made according to factual/rational processes and subjective and perceptual processes
Anahtar Kelimeler
: Manager decision making rational decision making intuitive decision making : Manager, decision making, rational decision making, intuitive decision making,
Kaynakça
- Altman, M. (2017). A bounded rationality assessment of the new behavioral economics.
- In Frantz, R., Chen, Shu-Heng, Dopfer, K., Heukelom, F. & Mousavi, S. (Eds.). Routledge Handbook of Behavioral Economics. (179-193) New York, NY: Routledge.
- Ayyıldız Ünnü, N.A. (2012), Örgütsel bağlamda karar verme eylemi ve dinamikleri: Türkiye için bir model önerisi, (PhD Thesis). Ege University.
- Baldacchino, L., Ucbasaran, D., Cabantous, L. & Lockett A. (2015). Entrepreneurship research on intuition: A Critical analysis and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 17(2), 212-231. Doi:10.1111/ijmr.12056.
- Başkale, H. (2016). Nitel araştırmalarda geçerlik, güvenirlik ve örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 9(1)0, 23-28.
- Bogdan, R.C. & Biklen, S.K. (1992). Qualitative research for education: introduction and methods. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Bulog, I. & Eglite, E. (2016). The role of intuition in strategic decision making in croatian companies. 21 Jun 2021, retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317013060_The_Role_of_Intuition_in_Strategic_Decision_Making_in_Croatian_Companies.
- Certo, T., Connelly, B.L. & Tihany, L. (2008). Managers and their not-so- rational decisions. Business Horizons. 51(1), 113-119. Doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2007.11.002
- Corbin, J. & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research. (3rd Edt.), California: Sage Publications
- Cozby, C.P. (1989). Methods in behavioral research. (4th Edt.), Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Company
- Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (2017). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
- Devi, S., Nayak, M. M., & Patnaik, S. (2020). Decision-making models and tools: a critical study. International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 19(2), 176-206.
- Di Caprio, D., Santos-Arteaga, F. J. & Tavana, M. (2016). An optimal sequential information acquisition model subject to a heuristic assimilation constraint. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 23(4), 937 – 982. Doı: 10.1108/BIJ-01-2014-0008.
- Epstein, S. (1994). Integration of the cognitive and psychodynamic unconscious. American Psychologist, 49(8), 709-724. Doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.49.8.709.
- Gedo, T. (2011). A behavioral economics approach to internationalization of born global firms: An exploratory investigation, (Ph. D Thesis) Univ. Manchester, Dept. Business Administratıon.
- Gog, M. (2015). Case study research. International Journal of Sales, Retailing & Marketing, 4(9), 33-41.
- Goldfarb, A., Ho, T., Amaldoss, W., Brown, AL., Chen, Y., Cui, T.H., …… Yang, B. (2012). Behavioral models of managerial decision-making. Mark Lett, 23(2), 405-42. Doi: 10.1007/s11002-012-9183-4
- Hodgkinson, G. P., Langan‐Fox, J., & Sadler‐Smith, E. (2008). Intuition: A fundamental bridging construct in the behavioural sciences. British Journal of Psychology, 99(1), 1-27.
- Hoffrage, U. & Marewski, J.N. (2015). Unveiling the lady in black: Modeling and aiding intuition. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 4(3), 145-163. Doi:10.1348/000712607X216666
- Hogarth, R.M. (2001). Educating intuition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- Howard, J. (2014). Heuristic, intuition, or impulse: how to tell the difference and why it is important to decision makers. 01 February 2022, retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274895366.
- Jung, C. (1976). Collected works: Six psychological types. Princeton, N.J: Princeton Univ. Press
- Kahneman, D. (2003). A psychological perspective on economics. The American Economic Review, 93(2), 162. Doi: 10.1257/000282803321946985.
- Kahneman, D. (2003). A perspective on judgment and choice mapping bounded rationality. American Psychologist, 58(9), 697-72. Doi:10.1037/0003-066X.58.9.697.
- Kahneman, D. (2015). Hızlı ve yavaş düşünme. (Çev. O. Ç. Deniztekin, F. N. Deniztekin), İstanbul: Varlık Yayınları.
- Kavurmacı, C. (2014). Stratejik karar verme sürecinde bilişsel yaklaşım: Üst kademe yöneticiler üzerine nitel bir araştırma. (Yayılanmamış Yükseklisans Tezi) Uludağ Üniversitesi.
- Khatri, N. & Ng, H.A. (2000). The role of intuition in strategic decision-making. Human Relations, 53 (1), 57-86. Doi: 10.1177/0018726700531004.
- Kitapcı, İ. (2017). Rasyonaliteden irrasyonaliteye: Davranışsal iktisat yaklaşımı ve bilişsel önyargılar. Maliye Araştırma Dergisi, 3(1), 85-102.
- Klein, G. (2003), The power of intuition: How to use your gut feelings to make better decisions at work, New York, NY: Doubleday.
- Klein, G., Calderwood, R. & Clinton-Cirocco, A. (2010). Rapid decision making on the fire ground: The original study plus a postscript. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 4 (3), 186-209. Doi: 10.1518/155534310X12844000801203.
- Lincoln, Y. S. & Guba, E. G. (1986). Naturalistic inquiry. Inc: Sage Publications.
- Logachev, M. (2016). Akratic homo economics: does the neoclassical economic theory "rational agent" assumption accurately depict human nature? (Master Thesis) University of Denver, Faculty of Social Sciences.
- Mayring, P. (2011). Nitel sosyal araştırmaya giriş. (Çev. A. Gümüş, and M. S. Durgun), Ankara: Bilgesu.
- McMillan, J. H. & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research in education evidence-based inquiry, New York, NY: Pearson Education.
- Merriam, S. B. (2015), Nitel araştırma desen ve uygulama için bir rehber. (Çev. S. Turan), Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık., İstanbul Mullainathan, S. & Thaler, R.H. (2014). Behavioral economics, mit department of economics: Working paper series 00-27, september 2000. 09 February 2022, retrieved, from http://papers.ssrn.com/paper.taf?abstract_id=245828.
- Neuman, W.L. (2006). Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri, nitel ve nicel yaklaşımlar. (Çev. Ö. Sedef), İstanbu: Yayınodası Yayıncılık.
- Patton, J. R., (2003). Intuition in decisions. Management Decision, 41(10), 989-996. Doi: 10.1108/00251740310509517
- Patton, M. Q. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri. (Çev. Bütün M. and S. B. Demir) Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Pretz, J. E. & Toz, K.S. (2007). Measuring individual differences in the affective, heuristic, and holistic intuition. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(5), 1247-1257. Doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.03.015.
- Rick, S. & Loewenstein, G. (2008). Role of emotion in economic behavior. (4th Edt.), New York: The Guilford Press. Robbins, S., Decenzo, D. & Coulter, M. (2016), Yönetimin esasları, (Çev. Eds: Öğüt, D.), Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
- Rubin, E. L. (2005). Rational choice, and rat choice: Some thoughts on the relationship among rationality, markets, and human beings. Chicago-Kent Law Review, 80(3), 1091.
- Rue, L. W. & Byers. L.L. (2003). Management: Skills and application. Boston: Mc Graw Hill.
- Sadler-Smith, E. & Shefy, E. (2004). The intuitive executive: Understanding and applying 'gut feel' in decision-making. Academic Journal, 18(3), 76-91. Doi:10.5465/ame.2004.15268692.
- Schermerhorn, J. R. (2012). Management. New Jersey: Wiley.
- Seal, K. (1990), Decision-makers rely on honed intuition. Hotel and Motel Management, p 205.
- Secchi, D. (2011). Extendable rationality, understanding decision making in organizations. New York. NY: Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg.
- Simon H. A. (1977). The new science of management decision. (2nd Edt.), New Jersey. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Simon, H. A. (1986). Rationality in psychology and economics. The Journal of Business, 59(4), S209-S224.
- Simon, H.A. (1955). A behavioral model of choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69(1), 99-118.
- Simon, H.A. (1960). The new science of management decision. New York: NY: Happer & Row. Sinclair, M. & Ashkanasy, N.M. (2005). Intuition: The myth of a decision-making tool? Management Learning, 36(3), 353-370. Doi: 10.1177/1350507605055351.
- Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1994). Grounded theory methodology-an overview. In Norman, K.D. & Vannaeds, S.L.Y. (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 21-23), Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
- Thaler, R. H. & Camerer, C. (1995). Anomalies: Ultimatums, dictators and manners. The Journal of Economic Perspective, 9(2), 208-210. Doi:10.1257/jep.9.2.209.
- Thaler, R. H. (1988). Anomalies: The winner's curse. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2(1), 191-202. Doi: 10.1257/jep.2.1.191.
- Thaler, R. H. & Sunstein, C. R., (2017), Dürtme: Sağlık, zenginlik ve mutluluk ilgili kararları uygulamak. (Çev. E. Günsel), İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları.
- Towler, M. & Keast, S. (2009). Rational decision-making for managers: an introduction, Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
- Turpin, S. M. & Marais, M. A. (2004). Decision-making: theory and practice. Orion (N.R.), 20(2), 143-160. Doi:10.5784/20-2-12.
- Tutar, H. & Erdem, A. (2020). Örnekleriyle bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık pp. 99-105
- Yin, R. K. (1984), Case study research: Design and methods, California: Sage Publications.
- Yin, R. K. (2017). Durum çalışması araştırma uygulamaları. (Çeviren: İ. GünbayAnkara: Nobel Yayın. pp. 100-150.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | İşletme |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 1 |
.