Araştırma Makalesi
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The impact of coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic: Digital transformation changes in tourism

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 15 - 23, 31.01.2023

Buket Buluk Eşitti

https://doi.org/10.24288/jttr.1205828

Öz

The paper aims to examine the digital transformation changes in tourism within the process Covid-19 pandemic. The research data were collected qualitatively from 12 managers working in accommodation businesses in Istanbul, Turkey. According to the findings, it is seen that the managers emphasized that digital applications will gain importance in both accommodation businesses and tour operators due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The results also showed that digitality will be the main factor in new accommodation investments and that they will focus on rapidly realizing their projects in this area to maintain the competitive advantage of destinations. Based on the study results, some suggestions were made to tourism practitioners. It is thought that the results of the study will guide tourism practitioners.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Coronavirus (Covid-19) Digitalization Digital transformation Tourism.

Kaynakça

  • Bahar, O., & İlal, N. Ç. (2020). Coronavirüsün (Covid-19) turizm sektörü üzerindeki ekonomik etkileri [The economic effects of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the tourism industry]. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 6(1), 125-139.
  • Beech, J. G., Beech, J., & Chadwick, S. (2006). The business of tourism management. Pearson Education.
  • Buhalis, D. (1997). Information technology as a strategic tool for economic, social, cultural and environmental benefits enhancement of tourism at destination regions. Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research, 3(1), 71-93.
  • Buhalis, D. (1998). Strategic use of information in the tourism industry. Tourism Management, 19(5), 409-421.
  • Buhalis, D., & Law, R. (2008). Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the internet-the state of eTourism research. Tourism Management, 29(4), 609-623.
  • Buluk Eşitti, B. (2021). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) sürecinde iç turizmin talepleri ve turizm işletmeleri yöneticilerinin iç turizme yönelik bakış açılarının incelenmesi [Investigation of domestic tourism demands and tourism businesses managers’ perspectives on domestic tourism in the Coronavirus (Covid-19) process]. Journal of Turkish Tourism Research, 5(1), 260-280.
  • Cheung, C. W., Tsang, I. T., & Wong, K. H. (2017). Robot avatar: A virtual tourism robot for people with disabilities. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 9(3), 229-234.
  • Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Demir, M., Demir, Ş. Ş., Dalgıç, A., & Ergen, F. D. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry: An evaluation from the hotel managers’ perspective. Journal of Tourism Theory and Research, 7(1), 44-57.
  • Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., Helo, P., Papadopoulos, T., Childe, S. J., & Sahay, B. S. (2017). Explaining the impact of reconfigurable manufacturing systems on environmental performance: The role of top management and organizational culture. Journal of Cleaner Production, 141, 56-66.
  • Ernst & Young Global Limited (E&Y) (2020). Tourism Market Overview Turkey & Istanbul. İstanbul: Ernst & Young Consulting. https://assets.ey.com/content/dam/ey-sites/eycom/en_tr/pdf/ey-turkey-tourism-market-overview-2020.pdf, 15.09.2020.
  • Ghuloum, H. (2010). 3D hologram technology in learning environment. Informing Science & IT Education Conference, 693-704.
  • Hao, F., Xiao, Q., & Chon, K. (2020). COVID-19 and China’s hotel industry: Impacts, a disaster management framework, and post-pandemic agenda. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 90, 102636.
  • Ilhan, I., & Celtek, E. (2016). Mobile marketing: Usage of augmented reality in tourism. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 15(2), 581-599.
  • Ivanov, S., & Webster, C. (2017). Adoption of robots, artificial intelligence and service automation by travel, tourism and hospitality companies - A cost-benefit analysis. International Scientific Conference “Contemporary tourism-traditions and innovations”, 19-21 October 2017, Sofia University.
  • Karadeniz, E., Beyaz, F. S., Ünlübulduk, S. N., ve Kayhan, E. (2020). Covid-19 salgınının turizm sektörüne etkilerinin ve uygulanan stratejilerin değerlendirilmesi: Otel yöneticileri üzerinde bir araştırma [Evaluation of the impacts of Covid-19 pandemic on tourism sector and the applied strategies: A research on hotel managers]. Journal of Turkish Tourism Research, 4(4), 3116-3136.
  • Kaygısız, Ü., & Bulgan, G. (2017). Sosyal medya temelinde bilgi iletişim teknolojilerinin turizmdeki yeri [The Place of Information Communication Technologies in Tourism on the Basis of Social Media]. Journal of Suleyman Demirel University Institute of Social Sciences, 28(3), 552-572.
  • Kıvılcım, B. (2020). Covid-19 (Yeni Koronavirüs) salgınının turizm sektörüne muhtemel etkileri. [Probable effects of Covid-19 (New Coronavirus) pandemic on tourism sector]. International Journal of Western Black Sea Social and Humanities Sciences, 4(1), 17-27.
  • Kim, W. G., & Kim, D. J. (2004). Factors affecting online hotel reservation intention between online and non-online customers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 23(4), 381-395.
  • Koikawa, K. (2016). Ideas to boost tourism: From William Gibson’s spook country to “Pokémon Go” and mixed reality. Journal of Global Tourism Research, 1(2), 105-109.
  • Kounavis, C. D., Kasimati, A. E., & Zamani, E. D. (2012). Enhancing the tourism experience through mobile augmented reality: Challenges and prospects. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 4, 10.
  • Miguéns, J., Baggio, R., & Costa, C. (2008). Social media and tourism destinations: TripAdvisor case study. Advances in Tourism Research, 26(28), 1-6.
  • Mil, B., & Dirican, C. (2018). Endüstri 4.0 teknolojileri ve turizme etkileri [Industry 4.0 technologies and its effects on tourism economics]. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism, 1(3), 1-9.
  • Okafor, L., Khalid, U., & Gama, L. E. M. (2022). Do the size of the tourism sector and level of digitalization affect COVID-19 economic policy response? Evidence from developed and developing countries. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-24.
  • Özaltın Türker, G. (2020). Covid-19 salgını turizm sektörünü nasıl etkiler? Turizm akademisyenleri perspektifinden bir değerlendirme. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 6(2), 207-224.
  • Pırnar, I. (2005). İzmir ili turizmin yeri ve geliştirme önerileri [The importance of tourism for Izmir and suggestions for development]. Journal of Management and Economics, 12(1), 47-60.
  • Ritchie, B. W. (2009). Crisis and disaster management for tourism. Channel View Publications.
  • Sarı, Y., & Kozak, M. (2005a). Turizm pazarlamasına internetin etkisi: Destinasyon web siteleri için bir model önerisi [The effect of internet on tourism marketing: A model proposal for destination-based web sites]. Akdeniz İİBF Journal, 9, 248-271.
  • Sarı, Y., & Kozak, M. (2005b). Turizm işletmelerinde doğrudan pazarlama çabaları kapsamında bilgi teknolojilerinin kullanımı [The use of information technologies within the scope of direct marketing efforts in tourism enterprises]. Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 19(1), 359-383.
  • Soava, G. (2015). Development prospects of the tourism industry in the digital age. The Young Economists Journal, 12(25), 101-116.
  • Şanlı, C., Erdem, A., & Unur, K. (2020). Koronavirüs salgınının tatile çıkma niyeti üzerine etkisi [The effect of the coronavirus pandemic on the intention of buying a holiday]. Journal of Turkish Tourism Research, 4(3), 1671-1688.
  • Tavakkoli, F. (2020). COVID-19 dünya turizminde son 20 yılın en büyük krizi! [COVID-19 is the biggest crisis of the last 20 years in world tourism!]. https://www.turizmgunlugu.com/2020/07/ 04/covid-19-dunya-turizmi-kriz/, 18.09.2020.
  • The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (2020). UNWTO Statement on the Novel Coronavirus Outbreak. https://www.unwto.org/taxonomy/term/356, 20.09.2020.
  • Think with Google (2020). Tüketici, izole tatil ve seyahat seçeneklerine yöneliyor [The consumer is turning to isolated vacation and travel options]. https://www.turizmnews.com/tuketici-izole-tatil-ve-seyahat-seceneklerine-yoneliyor/20245/, 02.09.2020.
  • Tihinen, M., & Kääriäinen, J. (2016). The industrial internet in Finland: on route to success?. Espoo, Finland: VTT, VTT Technology.
  • Tung, V.W.S., & Law, R. (2017). The potential for tourism and hospitality experience research in human-robot interactions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(10), 2498-2513.
  • TURSAB (2020). Türkiye ve dünya turizmi değerlendirmesi. İstanbul: Türkiye Seyahat Acentaları Birliği. https://tursab.org.tr/apps/Files/ Content/6ad52b35-1dd2-41c2-9f1c-c24cc19e7a63.pdf, 14.09.2020
  • Ulema, Ş., & Akkaşoğlu, S. (2021). The effects of COVID-19 on marketing policies and practices. Gursoy, D., Sarıışık, M., Nunkoo, R., & Boğan, E. (Eds.), In COVID-19 and the Hospitality and Tourism Industry (pp. 72-80). Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Wynne, C., Berthon, P., Pitt, L., Ewing, M., & Napoli, J. (2001). The impact of the internet on the distribution value chain. International Marketing Review, 18(4), 420-431.
  • Yazıcı Ayyıldız, A. (2020). Covid-19 salgın döneminde otellerin pazarlama stratejileri: Kuşadası örneği [Marketing strategies of the hotels in Covid-19 pandemic process: Kuşadası sample]. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(3), 3328-3358.
  • Yeung, T. A., & Law, R. (2004). Extending the modified heuristic usability evaluation technique to chain and independent hotel websites. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 23(3), 307-313.
  • Zhou, Z. (2004). E-commerce & information technology in hospitality & tourism. Cengage Learning.

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 15 - 23, 31.01.2023

Buket Buluk Eşitti

https://doi.org/10.24288/jttr.1205828

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Bahar, O., & İlal, N. Ç. (2020). Coronavirüsün (Covid-19) turizm sektörü üzerindeki ekonomik etkileri [The economic effects of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the tourism industry]. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 6(1), 125-139.
  • Beech, J. G., Beech, J., & Chadwick, S. (2006). The business of tourism management. Pearson Education.
  • Buhalis, D. (1997). Information technology as a strategic tool for economic, social, cultural and environmental benefits enhancement of tourism at destination regions. Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research, 3(1), 71-93.
  • Buhalis, D. (1998). Strategic use of information in the tourism industry. Tourism Management, 19(5), 409-421.
  • Buhalis, D., & Law, R. (2008). Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the internet-the state of eTourism research. Tourism Management, 29(4), 609-623.
  • Buluk Eşitti, B. (2021). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) sürecinde iç turizmin talepleri ve turizm işletmeleri yöneticilerinin iç turizme yönelik bakış açılarının incelenmesi [Investigation of domestic tourism demands and tourism businesses managers’ perspectives on domestic tourism in the Coronavirus (Covid-19) process]. Journal of Turkish Tourism Research, 5(1), 260-280.
  • Cheung, C. W., Tsang, I. T., & Wong, K. H. (2017). Robot avatar: A virtual tourism robot for people with disabilities. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 9(3), 229-234.
  • Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Demir, M., Demir, Ş. Ş., Dalgıç, A., & Ergen, F. D. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry: An evaluation from the hotel managers’ perspective. Journal of Tourism Theory and Research, 7(1), 44-57.
  • Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., Helo, P., Papadopoulos, T., Childe, S. J., & Sahay, B. S. (2017). Explaining the impact of reconfigurable manufacturing systems on environmental performance: The role of top management and organizational culture. Journal of Cleaner Production, 141, 56-66.
  • Ernst & Young Global Limited (E&Y) (2020). Tourism Market Overview Turkey & Istanbul. İstanbul: Ernst & Young Consulting. https://assets.ey.com/content/dam/ey-sites/eycom/en_tr/pdf/ey-turkey-tourism-market-overview-2020.pdf, 15.09.2020.
  • Ghuloum, H. (2010). 3D hologram technology in learning environment. Informing Science & IT Education Conference, 693-704.
  • Hao, F., Xiao, Q., & Chon, K. (2020). COVID-19 and China’s hotel industry: Impacts, a disaster management framework, and post-pandemic agenda. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 90, 102636.
  • Ilhan, I., & Celtek, E. (2016). Mobile marketing: Usage of augmented reality in tourism. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 15(2), 581-599.
  • Ivanov, S., & Webster, C. (2017). Adoption of robots, artificial intelligence and service automation by travel, tourism and hospitality companies - A cost-benefit analysis. International Scientific Conference “Contemporary tourism-traditions and innovations”, 19-21 October 2017, Sofia University.
  • Karadeniz, E., Beyaz, F. S., Ünlübulduk, S. N., ve Kayhan, E. (2020). Covid-19 salgınının turizm sektörüne etkilerinin ve uygulanan stratejilerin değerlendirilmesi: Otel yöneticileri üzerinde bir araştırma [Evaluation of the impacts of Covid-19 pandemic on tourism sector and the applied strategies: A research on hotel managers]. Journal of Turkish Tourism Research, 4(4), 3116-3136.
  • Kaygısız, Ü., & Bulgan, G. (2017). Sosyal medya temelinde bilgi iletişim teknolojilerinin turizmdeki yeri [The Place of Information Communication Technologies in Tourism on the Basis of Social Media]. Journal of Suleyman Demirel University Institute of Social Sciences, 28(3), 552-572.
  • Kıvılcım, B. (2020). Covid-19 (Yeni Koronavirüs) salgınının turizm sektörüne muhtemel etkileri. [Probable effects of Covid-19 (New Coronavirus) pandemic on tourism sector]. International Journal of Western Black Sea Social and Humanities Sciences, 4(1), 17-27.
  • Kim, W. G., & Kim, D. J. (2004). Factors affecting online hotel reservation intention between online and non-online customers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 23(4), 381-395.
  • Koikawa, K. (2016). Ideas to boost tourism: From William Gibson’s spook country to “Pokémon Go” and mixed reality. Journal of Global Tourism Research, 1(2), 105-109.
  • Kounavis, C. D., Kasimati, A. E., & Zamani, E. D. (2012). Enhancing the tourism experience through mobile augmented reality: Challenges and prospects. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 4, 10.
  • Miguéns, J., Baggio, R., & Costa, C. (2008). Social media and tourism destinations: TripAdvisor case study. Advances in Tourism Research, 26(28), 1-6.
  • Mil, B., & Dirican, C. (2018). Endüstri 4.0 teknolojileri ve turizme etkileri [Industry 4.0 technologies and its effects on tourism economics]. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism, 1(3), 1-9.
  • Okafor, L., Khalid, U., & Gama, L. E. M. (2022). Do the size of the tourism sector and level of digitalization affect COVID-19 economic policy response? Evidence from developed and developing countries. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-24.
  • Özaltın Türker, G. (2020). Covid-19 salgını turizm sektörünü nasıl etkiler? Turizm akademisyenleri perspektifinden bir değerlendirme. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 6(2), 207-224.
  • Pırnar, I. (2005). İzmir ili turizmin yeri ve geliştirme önerileri [The importance of tourism for Izmir and suggestions for development]. Journal of Management and Economics, 12(1), 47-60.
  • Ritchie, B. W. (2009). Crisis and disaster management for tourism. Channel View Publications.
  • Sarı, Y., & Kozak, M. (2005a). Turizm pazarlamasına internetin etkisi: Destinasyon web siteleri için bir model önerisi [The effect of internet on tourism marketing: A model proposal for destination-based web sites]. Akdeniz İİBF Journal, 9, 248-271.
  • Sarı, Y., & Kozak, M. (2005b). Turizm işletmelerinde doğrudan pazarlama çabaları kapsamında bilgi teknolojilerinin kullanımı [The use of information technologies within the scope of direct marketing efforts in tourism enterprises]. Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 19(1), 359-383.
  • Soava, G. (2015). Development prospects of the tourism industry in the digital age. The Young Economists Journal, 12(25), 101-116.
  • Şanlı, C., Erdem, A., & Unur, K. (2020). Koronavirüs salgınının tatile çıkma niyeti üzerine etkisi [The effect of the coronavirus pandemic on the intention of buying a holiday]. Journal of Turkish Tourism Research, 4(3), 1671-1688.
  • Tavakkoli, F. (2020). COVID-19 dünya turizminde son 20 yılın en büyük krizi! [COVID-19 is the biggest crisis of the last 20 years in world tourism!]. https://www.turizmgunlugu.com/2020/07/ 04/covid-19-dunya-turizmi-kriz/, 18.09.2020.
  • The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (2020). UNWTO Statement on the Novel Coronavirus Outbreak. https://www.unwto.org/taxonomy/term/356, 20.09.2020.
  • Think with Google (2020). Tüketici, izole tatil ve seyahat seçeneklerine yöneliyor [The consumer is turning to isolated vacation and travel options]. https://www.turizmnews.com/tuketici-izole-tatil-ve-seyahat-seceneklerine-yoneliyor/20245/, 02.09.2020.
  • Tihinen, M., & Kääriäinen, J. (2016). The industrial internet in Finland: on route to success?. Espoo, Finland: VTT, VTT Technology.
  • Tung, V.W.S., & Law, R. (2017). The potential for tourism and hospitality experience research in human-robot interactions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(10), 2498-2513.
  • TURSAB (2020). Türkiye ve dünya turizmi değerlendirmesi. İstanbul: Türkiye Seyahat Acentaları Birliği. https://tursab.org.tr/apps/Files/ Content/6ad52b35-1dd2-41c2-9f1c-c24cc19e7a63.pdf, 14.09.2020
  • Ulema, Ş., & Akkaşoğlu, S. (2021). The effects of COVID-19 on marketing policies and practices. Gursoy, D., Sarıışık, M., Nunkoo, R., & Boğan, E. (Eds.), In COVID-19 and the Hospitality and Tourism Industry (pp. 72-80). Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Wynne, C., Berthon, P., Pitt, L., Ewing, M., & Napoli, J. (2001). The impact of the internet on the distribution value chain. International Marketing Review, 18(4), 420-431.
  • Yazıcı Ayyıldız, A. (2020). Covid-19 salgın döneminde otellerin pazarlama stratejileri: Kuşadası örneği [Marketing strategies of the hotels in Covid-19 pandemic process: Kuşadası sample]. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(3), 3328-3358.
  • Yeung, T. A., & Law, R. (2004). Extending the modified heuristic usability evaluation technique to chain and independent hotel websites. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 23(3), 307-313.
  • Zhou, Z. (2004). E-commerce & information technology in hospitality & tourism. Cengage Learning.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Buket Buluk Eşitti 0000-0001-5646-6166

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Buluk Eşitti, B. (2023). The impact of coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic: Digital transformation changes in tourism. Journal of Tourism Theory and Research, 9(1), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.24288/jttr.1205828


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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.