Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Health Belief Model and the Gluten-Free Diet: Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 371 - 384, 30.06.2023

Demet Güner Hakkı Çılgınoğlu

https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1258771

Öz

People often think gluten-free products are healthier. This idea has been a source of motivation for many consumers, including athletes. With the growing popular perception that gluten-free foods are healthier, whether this diet is actually beneficial has had to be questioned. In the study, on the basis of the Health Belief Model, it was evaluated how the gluten-free diet was preferred among the athletes. With this study, it is aimed to contribute to the formation of awareness in athletes on this issue. Scientific publications published so far have been examined with a systematic literature search. 45 studies between the years 2012-2022 in Web of Science, Scopus and TR Index databases have been examined. “Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?” in all of the reviewed publications. The answer to the research question was sought. The data analyzed with the MAXQDA 2020 qualitative data analysis program were classified and interpreted by the content analysis method. The study was designed according to the ENTREQ control guideline. As a result of the sources examined, it has been determined that a gluten-free diet facilitates digestion, lowers cholesterol levels and reduces cardiovascular risks. However, it has been observed that the body is deficient in meeting the nutrients it needs. Studies conducted in various countries have shown that gluten-free products have poor content, especially in terms of protein and iron content that athletes need. Most of the obtained publications were compilation type. However, it is thought that case studies to be conducted with athletes who eat gluten-free in future studies will allow to discuss the subject from a different aspect.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Athlete diet Health belief model Gluten-free diet Gluten Celiac

Kaynakça

  • Aydoğan, A. U. (2018). Spor yapan çocukta beslenme. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi, 10(5), 19-27.
  • Baltacı, A. (2019). Nitel araştırma süreci: Nitel bir araştırma nasıl yapılır?. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(2), 368-388. https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.598299
  • Bektaş, Ş., Öztürk, İ., & Karaoğlu, S. Z. (2022). Glütensiz beslenen hasta ve sağlıklı yetişkinlerin beslenme alışkanlıklarının ve kaygı düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 128-138. https://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.1091857
  • Bulka, C. M., Davis, M. A., Karagas, M. R., Ahsan, H., & Argos, M. (2017). The unintended consequences of a gluten-free diet. Epidemiology, 28(3), 24-25. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000640
  • Cabrera-Chávez, F., Dezar, G. V., Islas-Zamorano, A. P., Espinoza-Alderete, J. G., Vergara-Jiménez, M. J., Magaña-Ordorica, D., & Ontiveros, N. (2017). Prevalence of self-reported gluten sensitivity and adherence to a gluten-free diet in Argentinian adult population. Nutrients, 9(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9010081
  • Can, A. N. (2022). The relationship between health beliefs and healthy lifestyle behaviours in obese individuals according to health belief model. Master Thesis, İnönü University, Institute of Health Sciences, Malatya.
  • Catassi, C., Elli, L., Bonaz, B., Bouma, G., Carroccio, A., Castillejo, G., & Fasano, A. (2015). Diagnosis of non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS): The Salerno experts’ criteria. Nutrients, 7(6), 4966-4977. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7064966
  • Cialdella-Kam, L., Kulpins, D., & Manore, M. M. (2016). Vegetarian, gluten-free, and energy restricted diets in female athletes. Sports, 4(4),1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports4040050
  • Costa, R. J. S., Snipe, R. M. J., Kitic, C. M., & Gibson, P. R. (2017). Systematic review: Exercise‐induced gastrointestinal syndrome-implications for health and intestinal disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 46(3), 246-265. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14330
  • D’angelo, S., & Cusano, P. (2020). Gluten-free diets in athletes. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(Supplement Issue 4), 2330-2336. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.s4314
  • De Oliveira, E. P. (2017). Runner's diarrhea: what is it, what causes it, and how can it be prevented?. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 33(1), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0000000000000322
  • Devrim-Lanpir, A., Hill, L., & Knechtle, B. (2021). Efficacy of popular diets applied by endurance athletes on sports performance: Beneficial or detrimental? A narrative review. Nutrients, 13(2), 1-40. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020491
  • Di Cairano, M., Condelli, N., Caruso, M. C., Marti, A., Cela, N., & Galgano, F. (2020). Functional properties and predicted glycemic index of gluten free cereal, pseudocereal and legume flours, LWT - Food Science and Technology, 133(2020), Article 109860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109860
  • Eberman, L. E., & Cleary, M. A. (2005). Celiac disease in an elite female collegiate volleyball athlete: A case report. Journal of Athletic Training, 40(4), 360-364.
  • Elli, L., Branchi, F., Tomba, C., Villalta, D., Norsa, L., Ferretti, F., & Bardella, M. T. (2015). Diagnosis of gluten related disorders: Celiac disease, wheat allergy and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 21(23), 7110-7119. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i23.7110
  • Erdman, K. A., Jones, K. W., Madden, R. F., Gammack, N., & Parnell, J.A. (2021). Dietary patterns in runners with gastrointestinal disorders. Nutrients, 13(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/nu13020448
  • Eysenbach, G., & Köhler, C. (2002). How do consumers search for and appraise health information on the world wide web? Qualitative study using focus groups, usability tests, and in-depth interviews. BMJ, 324(7337), 573-577. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7337.573
  • Fry, L., Madden, A. M., & Fallaize, R. (2018). An investigation into the nutritional composition and cost of gluten‐free versus regular food products in the UK. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 31(1), 108-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12502
  • Graybeal, A. J., Kreutzer, A., Willis, J. L., Braun-Trocchio, R., Moss, K., & Shah, M. (2022). The impact of dieting culture is different between sexes in endurance athletes: A cross-sectional analysis. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 14(157), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-022-00549-4
  • Hayıt, F., & Gül, H. (2017). Çölyak ve çölyak hastaları için üretilen ekmeklerin kalite özellikleri. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 7(1), 163-169. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.2017127429
  • Jenner, S. L., Trakman, G., Coutts, A., Kempton, T., Ryan, S., Forsyth, A., & Belski, R. (2018). Dietary intake of professional Australian football athletes surrounding body composition. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15(1),1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0248-5
  • Kreutz, J. M., Adriaanse, M. P., Van Der Ploeg, E. M., & Vreugdenhil, A. C. (2020). Narrative review: Nutrient deficiencies in adults and children with treated and untreated celiac disease. Nutrients, 12(2), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020500
  • Küçük, S. C., & Yıbar, A. (2021). Popüler diyet akımlarının vücut ağırlığı ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. Akademik Gıda, 19(1), 98-107. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.927722
  • Kulai, T., & Rashid, M. (2014). Assessment of nutritional adequacy of packaged gluten-free food products. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, 75(4), 186-190. https://doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2014-022
  • Kutlu, T. (2019). Glütensiz diyet: Gerçekten her zaman yararlı mı?. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 54(2), 73-75. https://doi.org/10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2019.82609
  • Leone, J. E., Wise, K. A., Mullin, E. M., Gray, K. A., Szlosek, P. A., Griffin, M.F., & Jordan, C.A. (2020). Celiac disease symptoms in athletes: prevalence ındicators of perceived quality of life. Sports Health, 12, 246-255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738120905137
  • Lis, D. M. (2019). Exit gluten-free and enter low FODMAPs: a novel dietary strategy to reduce gastrointestinal symptoms in athletes. Sports Medicine, 49(Supplement Issue I), 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-01034-0
  • Lis, D. M., Fell, J. W., Ahuja, K. D., Kitic, C. M., & Stellingwerff, T. (2016). Commercial hype versus reality: our current scientific understanding of gluten and athletic performance. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 15(4), 262-268. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000282
  • Lis, D. M., Stellingwerff, T., Kitic, C. M., Ahuja, K.D., & Fell, J. (2015). No effects of a short-term gluten-free diet onperformance in nonceliac athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 47(12), 2563-2570. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000699
  • Lis, D. M., Stellingwerff, T., Shing, C.M., Ahuja, K.D., & Fell, J.W. (2014). Exploring the popularity, experiences, and beliefs surrounding gluten-free diets in nonceliac athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 25(1), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0247
  • Market Research. (2022, September 9). Gluten-Free Market Research Reports & Industry Analysis. Accessible address: https://www.marketresearch.com/Food-Beverage-c84/Food-c167/Glüten-Free-c1915/
  • Meyer, N. L., Reguant-Closa, A., & Nemecek, T. (2020). Sustainable diets for athletes. Current Nutrition Reports, 9, 147-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-020-00318-0
  • Ministry of Health. (2022, September 9). Celiac Disease and Prevalence. Accessible address: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/metabolizma-ve-colyak/%C3%A7%C3%B6lyak-ve-g%C3%B6r%C3%BClme-s%C4%B1kl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1.html
  • Nelsen, Jr D. A. (2002). Gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac disease): More common than you think. American Family Physician, 66(12), 2259-2266.
  • Osorio, C. E., Mejías, J. H., & Rustgi, S. (2019). Gluten detection methods and their critical role in assuring safe diets for celiac patients. Nutrients, 11(12), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122920
  • Park, D., Choi, M. K., Park, Y. K., Park, C. Y., & Shin, M. J. (2022). Higher food literacy scores are associated with healthier diet quality in children and adolescents: The development and validation of a two-dimensional food literacy measurement tool for children and adolescents. Nutrition Research and Practise, 16(2), 272-283. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2022.16.2.272
  • Pugh, J. N., Fearn, R., Morton, J. P., & Close, G. L. (2018). Gastrointestinal symptoms in elite athletes: time to recognise the problem?. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(8), 487-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098376
  • Reguant-Closa, A., Roesch, A., Lansche, J., Nemecek, T., Lohman, T. G., & Meyer, N. L. (2020). The environmental impact of the athlete’s plate nutrition education tool. Nutrients, 12(8), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082484
  • Rosenbloom, C. (2014). Popular diets and athletes: premises, promises, pros, and pitfalls of diets and what athletes should know about diets and sports performance. Nutrition Today, 49(5), 244-248. https://doi.org/10.1097/NT.0000000000000043
  • Rothschild, J. A., Kilding, A. E., & Plews, D. J. (2020). Prevalence and determinants of fasted training in endurance athletes: A survey analysis. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 30(5), 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0109
  • Şahin, M., Odabaş, E., & Çakmak, H. (2022). Kırık leblebiden elde edilen unun glütensiz erişte üretiminde değerlendirilmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(2), 260-267. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1053753
  • Sharma, N., Bhatia, S., Chunduri, V., Kaur, S., Sharma, S., Kapoor, P., Kumari, A., & Garg, M. (2020). Pathogenesis of celiac disease and other gluten related disorders in wheat and strategies for mitigating them. Frontiers in Nutrition, 7(6), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00006
  • Spriet, L. L. (2019). Performance nutrition for athletes. Sports Medicine, 49 (Supplement Issue I), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-1027-9
  • Spronk, I., Kullen, C., Burdon, C., & O’Connor, H. (2014). Relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 111(10), 1713-1726. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514000087
  • Terzi, M., & Ersoy, G. (2022). Sürdürülebilir beslenme sporcular için sürdürülebilir mi?. Spor ve Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.52272/srad.1073827
  • Tong, A., Flemming, K., McInnes, E., Oliver, S., & Craig, J. (2012). Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research: ENTREQ. BMC medical research methodology, 12(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-12-181
  • Trakman, G. L., Forsyth, A., Devlin, B. L., & Belski, R. (2016). A systematic review of athletes’ and coaches’ nutrition knowledge and reflections on the quality of current nutrition knowledge measures. Nutrients, 8(9), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8090570
  • Trendyol. (2022, September 12). Flour Prices. Accessible address: https://www.trendyol.com/sr?q=+un&qt=+un&st=+un&os=1&sst=PRICE_BY_ASC&pi=2
  • Ulusoy, H. G., & Rakıcıoğlu, N. (2019). Health effects of gluten-free diet. Journal of Nutrition and Diet, 47(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.33076/2019.BDD.1026
  • Vahedian-Shahroodi, M., Tehrani, H., Robat-Sarpooshi, D., GHolian-Aval, M., Jafari, A., & Alizadeh-Siuki, H. (2021). The impact of health education on nutritional behaviors in female students: An application of health belief model. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 59(2), 70-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2019.1696219
  • Wu, J., Neal, B., Trevena, H., Crino, M., Stuart-Smith, W., Faulkner-Hogg, K., Louie, J. C. Y., & Dunford, E. (2015). Are gluten-free foods healthier than non-gluten-free foods? An evaluation of supermarket products in Australia. British Journal of Nutrition, 114(3), 448-454. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515002056

The Health Belief Model and the Gluten-Free Diet: Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 371 - 384, 30.06.2023

Demet Güner Hakkı Çılgınoğlu

https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1258771

Öz

People often think gluten-free products are healthier. This idea has been a source of motivation for many consumers, including athletes. With the growing popular perception that gluten-free foods are healthier, whether this diet is actually beneficial has had to be questioned. In the study, on the basis of the Health Belief Model, it was evaluated how the gluten-free diet was preferred among the athletes. With this study, it is aimed to contribute to the formation of awareness in athletes on this issue. Scientific publications published so far have been examined with a systematic literature search. 45 studies between the years 2012-2022 in Web of Science, Scopus and TR Index databases have been examined. “Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?” in all of the reviewed publications. The answer to the research question was sought. The data analyzed with the MAXQDA 2020 qualitative data analysis program were classified and interpreted by the content analysis method. The study was designed according to the ENTREQ control guideline. As a result of the sources examined, it has been determined that a gluten-free diet facilitates digestion, lowers cholesterol levels and reduces cardiovascular risks. However, it has been observed that the body is deficient in meeting the nutrients it needs. Studies conducted in various countries have shown that gluten-free products have poor content, especially in terms of protein and iron content that athletes need. Most of the obtained publications were compilation type. However, it is thought that case studies to be conducted with athletes who eat gluten-free in future studies will allow to discuss the subject from a different aspect.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Athlete diet Health belief model Gluten-free diet Gluten Celiac

Kaynakça

  • Aydoğan, A. U. (2018). Spor yapan çocukta beslenme. Klinik Tıp Pediatri Dergisi, 10(5), 19-27.
  • Baltacı, A. (2019). Nitel araştırma süreci: Nitel bir araştırma nasıl yapılır?. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(2), 368-388. https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.598299
  • Bektaş, Ş., Öztürk, İ., & Karaoğlu, S. Z. (2022). Glütensiz beslenen hasta ve sağlıklı yetişkinlerin beslenme alışkanlıklarının ve kaygı düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 128-138. https://doi.org/10.46413/boneyusbad.1091857
  • Bulka, C. M., Davis, M. A., Karagas, M. R., Ahsan, H., & Argos, M. (2017). The unintended consequences of a gluten-free diet. Epidemiology, 28(3), 24-25. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000640
  • Cabrera-Chávez, F., Dezar, G. V., Islas-Zamorano, A. P., Espinoza-Alderete, J. G., Vergara-Jiménez, M. J., Magaña-Ordorica, D., & Ontiveros, N. (2017). Prevalence of self-reported gluten sensitivity and adherence to a gluten-free diet in Argentinian adult population. Nutrients, 9(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9010081
  • Can, A. N. (2022). The relationship between health beliefs and healthy lifestyle behaviours in obese individuals according to health belief model. Master Thesis, İnönü University, Institute of Health Sciences, Malatya.
  • Catassi, C., Elli, L., Bonaz, B., Bouma, G., Carroccio, A., Castillejo, G., & Fasano, A. (2015). Diagnosis of non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS): The Salerno experts’ criteria. Nutrients, 7(6), 4966-4977. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7064966
  • Cialdella-Kam, L., Kulpins, D., & Manore, M. M. (2016). Vegetarian, gluten-free, and energy restricted diets in female athletes. Sports, 4(4),1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports4040050
  • Costa, R. J. S., Snipe, R. M. J., Kitic, C. M., & Gibson, P. R. (2017). Systematic review: Exercise‐induced gastrointestinal syndrome-implications for health and intestinal disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 46(3), 246-265. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14330
  • D’angelo, S., & Cusano, P. (2020). Gluten-free diets in athletes. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(Supplement Issue 4), 2330-2336. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.s4314
  • De Oliveira, E. P. (2017). Runner's diarrhea: what is it, what causes it, and how can it be prevented?. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 33(1), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0000000000000322
  • Devrim-Lanpir, A., Hill, L., & Knechtle, B. (2021). Efficacy of popular diets applied by endurance athletes on sports performance: Beneficial or detrimental? A narrative review. Nutrients, 13(2), 1-40. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020491
  • Di Cairano, M., Condelli, N., Caruso, M. C., Marti, A., Cela, N., & Galgano, F. (2020). Functional properties and predicted glycemic index of gluten free cereal, pseudocereal and legume flours, LWT - Food Science and Technology, 133(2020), Article 109860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109860
  • Eberman, L. E., & Cleary, M. A. (2005). Celiac disease in an elite female collegiate volleyball athlete: A case report. Journal of Athletic Training, 40(4), 360-364.
  • Elli, L., Branchi, F., Tomba, C., Villalta, D., Norsa, L., Ferretti, F., & Bardella, M. T. (2015). Diagnosis of gluten related disorders: Celiac disease, wheat allergy and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 21(23), 7110-7119. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i23.7110
  • Erdman, K. A., Jones, K. W., Madden, R. F., Gammack, N., & Parnell, J.A. (2021). Dietary patterns in runners with gastrointestinal disorders. Nutrients, 13(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/nu13020448
  • Eysenbach, G., & Köhler, C. (2002). How do consumers search for and appraise health information on the world wide web? Qualitative study using focus groups, usability tests, and in-depth interviews. BMJ, 324(7337), 573-577. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7337.573
  • Fry, L., Madden, A. M., & Fallaize, R. (2018). An investigation into the nutritional composition and cost of gluten‐free versus regular food products in the UK. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 31(1), 108-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12502
  • Graybeal, A. J., Kreutzer, A., Willis, J. L., Braun-Trocchio, R., Moss, K., & Shah, M. (2022). The impact of dieting culture is different between sexes in endurance athletes: A cross-sectional analysis. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 14(157), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-022-00549-4
  • Hayıt, F., & Gül, H. (2017). Çölyak ve çölyak hastaları için üretilen ekmeklerin kalite özellikleri. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 7(1), 163-169. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.2017127429
  • Jenner, S. L., Trakman, G., Coutts, A., Kempton, T., Ryan, S., Forsyth, A., & Belski, R. (2018). Dietary intake of professional Australian football athletes surrounding body composition. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15(1),1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0248-5
  • Kreutz, J. M., Adriaanse, M. P., Van Der Ploeg, E. M., & Vreugdenhil, A. C. (2020). Narrative review: Nutrient deficiencies in adults and children with treated and untreated celiac disease. Nutrients, 12(2), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020500
  • Küçük, S. C., & Yıbar, A. (2021). Popüler diyet akımlarının vücut ağırlığı ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. Akademik Gıda, 19(1), 98-107. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.927722
  • Kulai, T., & Rashid, M. (2014). Assessment of nutritional adequacy of packaged gluten-free food products. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research, 75(4), 186-190. https://doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2014-022
  • Kutlu, T. (2019). Glütensiz diyet: Gerçekten her zaman yararlı mı?. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 54(2), 73-75. https://doi.org/10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2019.82609
  • Leone, J. E., Wise, K. A., Mullin, E. M., Gray, K. A., Szlosek, P. A., Griffin, M.F., & Jordan, C.A. (2020). Celiac disease symptoms in athletes: prevalence ındicators of perceived quality of life. Sports Health, 12, 246-255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738120905137
  • Lis, D. M. (2019). Exit gluten-free and enter low FODMAPs: a novel dietary strategy to reduce gastrointestinal symptoms in athletes. Sports Medicine, 49(Supplement Issue I), 87-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-01034-0
  • Lis, D. M., Fell, J. W., Ahuja, K. D., Kitic, C. M., & Stellingwerff, T. (2016). Commercial hype versus reality: our current scientific understanding of gluten and athletic performance. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 15(4), 262-268. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000282
  • Lis, D. M., Stellingwerff, T., Kitic, C. M., Ahuja, K.D., & Fell, J. (2015). No effects of a short-term gluten-free diet onperformance in nonceliac athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 47(12), 2563-2570. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000699
  • Lis, D. M., Stellingwerff, T., Shing, C.M., Ahuja, K.D., & Fell, J.W. (2014). Exploring the popularity, experiences, and beliefs surrounding gluten-free diets in nonceliac athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 25(1), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0247
  • Market Research. (2022, September 9). Gluten-Free Market Research Reports & Industry Analysis. Accessible address: https://www.marketresearch.com/Food-Beverage-c84/Food-c167/Glüten-Free-c1915/
  • Meyer, N. L., Reguant-Closa, A., & Nemecek, T. (2020). Sustainable diets for athletes. Current Nutrition Reports, 9, 147-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-020-00318-0
  • Ministry of Health. (2022, September 9). Celiac Disease and Prevalence. Accessible address: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/metabolizma-ve-colyak/%C3%A7%C3%B6lyak-ve-g%C3%B6r%C3%BClme-s%C4%B1kl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1.html
  • Nelsen, Jr D. A. (2002). Gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac disease): More common than you think. American Family Physician, 66(12), 2259-2266.
  • Osorio, C. E., Mejías, J. H., & Rustgi, S. (2019). Gluten detection methods and their critical role in assuring safe diets for celiac patients. Nutrients, 11(12), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122920
  • Park, D., Choi, M. K., Park, Y. K., Park, C. Y., & Shin, M. J. (2022). Higher food literacy scores are associated with healthier diet quality in children and adolescents: The development and validation of a two-dimensional food literacy measurement tool for children and adolescents. Nutrition Research and Practise, 16(2), 272-283. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2022.16.2.272
  • Pugh, J. N., Fearn, R., Morton, J. P., & Close, G. L. (2018). Gastrointestinal symptoms in elite athletes: time to recognise the problem?. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(8), 487-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098376
  • Reguant-Closa, A., Roesch, A., Lansche, J., Nemecek, T., Lohman, T. G., & Meyer, N. L. (2020). The environmental impact of the athlete’s plate nutrition education tool. Nutrients, 12(8), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082484
  • Rosenbloom, C. (2014). Popular diets and athletes: premises, promises, pros, and pitfalls of diets and what athletes should know about diets and sports performance. Nutrition Today, 49(5), 244-248. https://doi.org/10.1097/NT.0000000000000043
  • Rothschild, J. A., Kilding, A. E., & Plews, D. J. (2020). Prevalence and determinants of fasted training in endurance athletes: A survey analysis. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 30(5), 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0109
  • Şahin, M., Odabaş, E., & Çakmak, H. (2022). Kırık leblebiden elde edilen unun glütensiz erişte üretiminde değerlendirilmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(2), 260-267. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1053753
  • Sharma, N., Bhatia, S., Chunduri, V., Kaur, S., Sharma, S., Kapoor, P., Kumari, A., & Garg, M. (2020). Pathogenesis of celiac disease and other gluten related disorders in wheat and strategies for mitigating them. Frontiers in Nutrition, 7(6), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00006
  • Spriet, L. L. (2019). Performance nutrition for athletes. Sports Medicine, 49 (Supplement Issue I), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-1027-9
  • Spronk, I., Kullen, C., Burdon, C., & O’Connor, H. (2014). Relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 111(10), 1713-1726. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514000087
  • Terzi, M., & Ersoy, G. (2022). Sürdürülebilir beslenme sporcular için sürdürülebilir mi?. Spor ve Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.52272/srad.1073827
  • Tong, A., Flemming, K., McInnes, E., Oliver, S., & Craig, J. (2012). Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research: ENTREQ. BMC medical research methodology, 12(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-12-181
  • Trakman, G. L., Forsyth, A., Devlin, B. L., & Belski, R. (2016). A systematic review of athletes’ and coaches’ nutrition knowledge and reflections on the quality of current nutrition knowledge measures. Nutrients, 8(9), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8090570
  • Trendyol. (2022, September 12). Flour Prices. Accessible address: https://www.trendyol.com/sr?q=+un&qt=+un&st=+un&os=1&sst=PRICE_BY_ASC&pi=2
  • Ulusoy, H. G., & Rakıcıoğlu, N. (2019). Health effects of gluten-free diet. Journal of Nutrition and Diet, 47(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.33076/2019.BDD.1026
  • Vahedian-Shahroodi, M., Tehrani, H., Robat-Sarpooshi, D., GHolian-Aval, M., Jafari, A., & Alizadeh-Siuki, H. (2021). The impact of health education on nutritional behaviors in female students: An application of health belief model. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 59(2), 70-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2019.1696219
  • Wu, J., Neal, B., Trevena, H., Crino, M., Stuart-Smith, W., Faulkner-Hogg, K., Louie, J. C. Y., & Dunford, E. (2015). Are gluten-free foods healthier than non-gluten-free foods? An evaluation of supermarket products in Australia. British Journal of Nutrition, 114(3), 448-454. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515002056
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor Hekimliği, Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Orijinal Makale
Yazarlar

Demet Güner 0000-0003-0691-5562

Hakkı Çılgınoğlu 0000-0002-6787-3397

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 19 Haziran 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Kabul Tarihi 18 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Güner, D., & Çılgınoğlu, H. (2023). The Health Belief Model and the Gluten-Free Diet: Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 371-384. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1258771
AMA Güner D, Çılgınoğlu H. The Health Belief Model and the Gluten-Free Diet: Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?. JSSR. Haziran 2023;8(2):371-384. doi:10.25307/jssr.1258771
Chicago Güner, Demet, ve Hakkı Çılgınoğlu. “The Health Belief Model and the Gluten-Free Diet: Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?”. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 8, sy. 2 (Haziran 2023): 371-84. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1258771.
EndNote Güner D, Çılgınoğlu H (01 Haziran 2023) The Health Belief Model and the Gluten-Free Diet: Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 8 2 371–384.
IEEE D. Güner ve H. Çılgınoğlu, “The Health Belief Model and the Gluten-Free Diet: Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?”, JSSR, c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 371–384, 2023, doi: 10.25307/jssr.1258771.
ISNAD Güner, Demet - Çılgınoğlu, Hakkı. “The Health Belief Model and the Gluten-Free Diet: Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?”. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 8/2 (Haziran 2023), 371-384. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1258771.
JAMA Güner D, Çılgınoğlu H. The Health Belief Model and the Gluten-Free Diet: Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?. JSSR. 2023;8:371–384.
MLA Güner, Demet ve Hakkı Çılgınoğlu. “The Health Belief Model and the Gluten-Free Diet: Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?”. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 371-84, doi:10.25307/jssr.1258771.
Vancouver Güner D, Çılgınoğlu H. The Health Belief Model and the Gluten-Free Diet: Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?. JSSR. 2023;8(2):371-84.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

26355    18836       18837       8748

Dergi indirme İstatistikleri 

indir.png