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OECD ÜLKELERİ SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ ARZI VE TALEBİ: ÖRNEK UYGULAMA

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 46, 46 - 68, 25.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.1145671

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı OECD’ye üye olan 38 ülkenin sağlık arzı ve talebi değişkenlerinin düzeyini belirlemek, bu değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi saptamak ve sağlık arzının sağlık talebi üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır.
Yöntem: Araştırmanın evrenini OECD’ye üye olan 38 ülkenin sağlık arzı ve talebi ile ilgili mali ve istatistiki veriler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini araştırmacılar tarafından belirlenmiş olan mali ve istatistiki veriler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada OECD, WHO, World Bank, Eurostat gibi veri tabanlarından elde edilen veri seti Microsoft Excel 2016 ve SPSS 27.0 paket programları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Analiz sonucunda; sağlık talebi ile sağlık arzı değişkenleri arasında pozitif yönlü orta düzeyde ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sağlık arzı değişkenlerinin (hastane yatağı, hastane sayısı, kişi başı sağlık harcaması, PET sayısı, bağışıklama), sağlık talebi değişkenlerinden hekime başvuru sayısı; taburcu (enfeksiyon ve parazit hastalık kaynaklı) sayıları; toplam taburcu sayıları; algılanan sağlık durumu; doğumdan beklenen yaşam süresi üzerinde istatiksel olarak olumlu etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur.
Özgünlük: OECD ülkeleri özelinde bütün ülkelerinin, sağlık hizmetlerini ihtiyaçlara göre yeniden tasarlama, hizmetleri entegre, insan merkezli bir şekilde sunabilmeleri ve sağlık sistemlerini güçlü ve etkili bir şekilde sürdürebilmeleri sağlık arzı ve talebi arasındaki dengeyi koruyabilmeleri ile mümkündür.

Kaynakça

  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2021). Cancer screening and COVID-19 in Australia. Canberra.
  • Balasubramanian, M., Hasan, A., Ganbavale, S., Alolayah, A. ve Gallagher, J. (2021). Planning the Future Oral Health Workforce: A Rapid Review of Supply, Demand and Need Models, Data Sources and Skill Mix Considerations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 2891. doi:10.3390/ijerph18062891
  • Bowser, D., Gupta, J. ve Nandakumar, A. (2016). The Effect of Demand- and Supply-Side Health Financing on Infant, Child, and Maternal Mortality in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Health Systems & Reform, 2(2), 147–159. doi:10.1080/23288604.2016.1166306
  • Braga, P. P., Sena, R. R. de, Seixas, C. T., Castro, E. A. B. de, Andrade, A. M. ve Silva, Y. C. (2016). Oferta e demanda na atenção domiciliar em saúde. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 21(3), 903–912. doi:10.1590/1413-81232015213.11382015
  • Byambasuren, O., Dobler, C. C., Bell, K., Rojas, D. P., Clark, J., McLaws, M.-L. ve Glasziou, P. (2021). Comparison of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections with cumulative and imputed COVID-19 cases: Systematic review. PLOS ONE, 16(4), e0248946. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248946
  • Byrne, A., Hodge, A., Jimenez-Soto, E. ve Morgan, A. (2013). Looking Beyond Supply. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 25(6), 438–451. doi:10.1177/1010539513496139
  • Castanon, A., Rebolj, M., Burger, E. A., de Kok, I. M. C. M., Smith, M. A., Hanley, S. J. B., … O’Mahony, J. F. (2021). Cervical screening during the COVID-19 pandemic: optimising recovery strategies. The Lancet Public Health, 6(7), e522–e527. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00078-5
  • Chang, A. Y., Cowling, K., Micah, A. E., Chapin, A., Chen, C. S., Ikilezi, G., … Dieleman, J. L. (2019). Past, present, and future of global health financing: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 195 countries, 1995–2050. The Lancet, 393(10187), 2233–2260. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30841-4
  • Chudasama, Y. V., Gillies, C. L., Zaccardi, F., Coles, B., Davies, M. J., Seidu, S. ve Khunti, K. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on routine care for chronic diseases: A global survey of views from healthcare professionals. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(5), 965–967. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.042
  • de Bienassis, K., Fujisawa, R., Hashiguchi, T. C. O., Klazinga, N. ve Oderkirk, J. (2022). Health data and governance developments in relation to COVID-19: How OECD countries are adjusting health data systems for the new normal. OECD Health Working Papers içinde . Paris: OECD Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1787/aec7c409-en.
  • de Meijer, C., Wouterse, B., Polder, J. ve Koopmanschap, M. (2013). The effect of population aging on health expenditure growth: a critical review. European Journal of Ageing, 10(4), 353–361. doi:10.1007/s10433-013-0280-x de Saúde, S. N. (2021). Atividade do Programa de Diabetes, [cited 2022 April 09]. Available from: https://transparencia.sns.gov.pt/explore/dataset/diabetes/table/?disjunctive.regiao&disjunctive.aces&sort=tempo.
  • Eijkelboom, A. H., de Munck, L., Vrancken Peeters, M.-J. T. F. D., Broeders, M. J. M., Strobbe, L. J. A., Bos, M. E. M. M., … Siesling, S. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diagnosis, stage, and initial treatment of breast cancer in the Netherlands: a population-based study. Journal of Hematology & Oncology, 14(1), 64. doi:10.1186/s13045-021-01073-7
  • Gonzalez, D., Karpman, M., Kenney, G. M. ve Zuckerman., S. (2021). Delayed and Forgone Health Care for Nonelderly Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
  • Hanna, T. P., King, W. D., Thibodeau, S., Jalink, M., Paulin, G. A., Harvey-Jones, E., … Aggarwal, A. (2020). Mortality due to cancer treatment delay: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, m4087. doi:10.1136/bmj.m4087
  • Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2021). Infection fatality rate of COVID-19 inferred from seroprevalence data. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 99(1), 19-33F. doi:10.2471/BLT.20.265892
  • Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. (2022). COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU), [cited 2022 Feb 18]. Available from: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html.
  • Kutlu, G. ve Ağırbaş, İ. (2017). Türkiye ve Oecd Ülkelerinde Sağlık Hizmetleri Arzı ve Talebinin İncelenmesi. Journal of Academic Value Studies (JAVStudies), 3(16), 454–464.
  • Lindsay, C. M. ve Feigenbaum, B. (1984). Rationing by waiting lists. The American Economic Review, 74(3), 404–417.
  • Lopez Bernal, J., Andrews, N., Gower, C., Gallagher, E., Simmons, R., Thelwall, S., … Ramsay, M. (2021). Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant. New England Journal of Medicine, 385(7), 585–594. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2108891
  • Mann, C., Ng, C., Akseer, N., Bhutta, Z. A., Borghi, J., Colbourn, T., … Berman, P. (2016). Countdown to 2015 country case studies: what can analysis of national health financing contribute to understanding MDG 4 and 5 progress? BMC Public Health, 16(S2), 792. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3403-4
  • Martin, S. ve Smith, P. C. (1999). Rationing by waiting lists: an empirical investigation. Journal of Public Economics, 71(1), 141–164. doi:10.1016/S0047-2727(98)00067-X
  • Matsushima, M., Yamada, H. ve Shimamura, Y. (2020). Analysis on demand‐ and supply‐side responses during the expansion of health insurance coverage in Vietnam: Challenges and policy implications toward universal health coverage. Review of Development Economics, 24(1), 144–166. doi:10.1111/rode.12627
  • McDonald, H. I., Tessier, E., White, J. M., Woodruff, M., Knowles, C., Bates, C., … Edelstein, M. (2020). Early impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and physical distancing measures on routine childhood vaccinations in England, January to April 2020. Eurosurveillance, 25(19). doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.19.2000848
  • Mueller, M., Suzuki, E., Gabriel Di Paolantonio, E. H. ve James, C. (2021). The health impact of COVID-19. OECD (2021). Health at a Glance 2021: OECD Indicators içinde . Paris: OECD, https://doi.org/10.1787/ae3016b9- en.
  • OECD. (2016). Health Workforce Policies in OECD Countries: Right Jobs, Right Skills, Right Places. OECD Health Policy Studies. OECD. doi:10.1787/9789264239517-en
  • OECD. (2021a). Health at a Glance 2021. Health at a Glance. OECD. doi:10.1787/ae3016b9-en
  • OECD. (2021b). “Access to COVID-19 vaccines: Global approaches in a global crisis”, OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19). Paris: OECD Publishing, https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/c6a18370-en. doi:10.1787/c6a18370-en.
  • OECD. (2021c). European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies (forthcoming), Italy: Country Health Profile 2021, State of Health in the EU. Paris: OECD Publishing, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Brussels.
  • OECD. (2022). Life expectancy at birth (indicator). [cited 2022 March 12]. Available from: https://data.oecd.org/healthstat/life-expectancy-at-birth.htm doi: 10.1787/27e0fc9d-en.
  • OECDSTAT. (2021). OECD Health Statistics. [cited 2022 March 12]. Available from: https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?lang=en Erişim Tarihi: 18.10.2021.
  • Osborne, J. W. (2013). Best practices in data cleaning. California: Sage Publication. Inc.
  • Paris, V., Wei, M. ve Devaux, L. (2010). Health Systems Institutional Characteristics: A Survey of 29 OECD Countries. Paris: OECD Health Working Papers, No. 50, OECD Publishing. doi:10.1787/5kmfxfq9qbnr-en.
  • Parmar, D. ve Banerjee, A. (2019). How do supply- and demand-side interventions influence equity in healthcare utilisation? Evidence from maternal healthcare in Senegal. Social Science & Medicine, 241, 112582. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112582
  • Propper, C., Burgess, S. ve Gossage, D. (2008). Competition and Quality: Evidence From the Nhs Internal Market 1991–9. The Economic Journal, 118(525), 138–170. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2007.02107.x
  • Public Health Ontario. (2021). COVID-19 Real-World Vaccine Effectiveness - What We Know So Far, [cited 2022 April 09]. Available from:https:// www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/ncov/covid-wwksf/2021/04/wwksf-vaccineeffectiveness.pdf?sc_lang=en. https:// www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/ncov/covid-wwksf/2021/04/wwksf-vaccineeffectiveness.pdf?sc_lang=en (accessed on 8 October 2021).
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HEALTHCARE SUPPLY AND DEMAND IN OECD COUNTRIES: CASE PRACTICE

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 46, 46 - 68, 25.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.1145671

Öz

Purpose: The aim of this research is to determine the level of health supply and demand variables of 38 OECD member countries, to determine the relationship between these variables and to reveal the effect of health supply on health demand.
Method: The universe of the research consists of financial and statistical data on the health supply and demand of 38 OECD member countries. The sample of the study consists of financial and statistical data determined by the researchers. In the research, the data set obtained from databases such as OECD, WHO, World Bank, Eurostat was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS 27.0 package programs.
Findings: As a result of the analysis; It has been determined that there is a positive moderate relationship between health demand and health supply variables. Among the variables of health supply (hospital beds, number of hospitals, health expenditure per person, number of PET, immunization), number of applications to a physician from health demand variables; discharge numbers (caused by infection and parasitic disease); total number of discharges; perceived health status; It was found to have a statistically positive effect on life expectancy from birth.
Originality: In particular, OECD countries can redesign health services according to needs, provide services in an integrated and human-centered manner, and maintain their health systems in a strong and effective way, if they maintain the balance between health supply and demand.

Kaynakça

  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2021). Cancer screening and COVID-19 in Australia. Canberra.
  • Balasubramanian, M., Hasan, A., Ganbavale, S., Alolayah, A. ve Gallagher, J. (2021). Planning the Future Oral Health Workforce: A Rapid Review of Supply, Demand and Need Models, Data Sources and Skill Mix Considerations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 2891. doi:10.3390/ijerph18062891
  • Bowser, D., Gupta, J. ve Nandakumar, A. (2016). The Effect of Demand- and Supply-Side Health Financing on Infant, Child, and Maternal Mortality in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Health Systems & Reform, 2(2), 147–159. doi:10.1080/23288604.2016.1166306
  • Braga, P. P., Sena, R. R. de, Seixas, C. T., Castro, E. A. B. de, Andrade, A. M. ve Silva, Y. C. (2016). Oferta e demanda na atenção domiciliar em saúde. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 21(3), 903–912. doi:10.1590/1413-81232015213.11382015
  • Byambasuren, O., Dobler, C. C., Bell, K., Rojas, D. P., Clark, J., McLaws, M.-L. ve Glasziou, P. (2021). Comparison of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections with cumulative and imputed COVID-19 cases: Systematic review. PLOS ONE, 16(4), e0248946. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248946
  • Byrne, A., Hodge, A., Jimenez-Soto, E. ve Morgan, A. (2013). Looking Beyond Supply. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 25(6), 438–451. doi:10.1177/1010539513496139
  • Castanon, A., Rebolj, M., Burger, E. A., de Kok, I. M. C. M., Smith, M. A., Hanley, S. J. B., … O’Mahony, J. F. (2021). Cervical screening during the COVID-19 pandemic: optimising recovery strategies. The Lancet Public Health, 6(7), e522–e527. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00078-5
  • Chang, A. Y., Cowling, K., Micah, A. E., Chapin, A., Chen, C. S., Ikilezi, G., … Dieleman, J. L. (2019). Past, present, and future of global health financing: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 195 countries, 1995–2050. The Lancet, 393(10187), 2233–2260. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30841-4
  • Chudasama, Y. V., Gillies, C. L., Zaccardi, F., Coles, B., Davies, M. J., Seidu, S. ve Khunti, K. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on routine care for chronic diseases: A global survey of views from healthcare professionals. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(5), 965–967. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.042
  • de Bienassis, K., Fujisawa, R., Hashiguchi, T. C. O., Klazinga, N. ve Oderkirk, J. (2022). Health data and governance developments in relation to COVID-19: How OECD countries are adjusting health data systems for the new normal. OECD Health Working Papers içinde . Paris: OECD Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1787/aec7c409-en.
  • de Meijer, C., Wouterse, B., Polder, J. ve Koopmanschap, M. (2013). The effect of population aging on health expenditure growth: a critical review. European Journal of Ageing, 10(4), 353–361. doi:10.1007/s10433-013-0280-x de Saúde, S. N. (2021). Atividade do Programa de Diabetes, [cited 2022 April 09]. Available from: https://transparencia.sns.gov.pt/explore/dataset/diabetes/table/?disjunctive.regiao&disjunctive.aces&sort=tempo.
  • Eijkelboom, A. H., de Munck, L., Vrancken Peeters, M.-J. T. F. D., Broeders, M. J. M., Strobbe, L. J. A., Bos, M. E. M. M., … Siesling, S. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diagnosis, stage, and initial treatment of breast cancer in the Netherlands: a population-based study. Journal of Hematology & Oncology, 14(1), 64. doi:10.1186/s13045-021-01073-7
  • Gonzalez, D., Karpman, M., Kenney, G. M. ve Zuckerman., S. (2021). Delayed and Forgone Health Care for Nonelderly Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
  • Hanna, T. P., King, W. D., Thibodeau, S., Jalink, M., Paulin, G. A., Harvey-Jones, E., … Aggarwal, A. (2020). Mortality due to cancer treatment delay: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, m4087. doi:10.1136/bmj.m4087
  • Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2021). Infection fatality rate of COVID-19 inferred from seroprevalence data. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 99(1), 19-33F. doi:10.2471/BLT.20.265892
  • Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. (2022). COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU), [cited 2022 Feb 18]. Available from: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html.
  • Kutlu, G. ve Ağırbaş, İ. (2017). Türkiye ve Oecd Ülkelerinde Sağlık Hizmetleri Arzı ve Talebinin İncelenmesi. Journal of Academic Value Studies (JAVStudies), 3(16), 454–464.
  • Lindsay, C. M. ve Feigenbaum, B. (1984). Rationing by waiting lists. The American Economic Review, 74(3), 404–417.
  • Lopez Bernal, J., Andrews, N., Gower, C., Gallagher, E., Simmons, R., Thelwall, S., … Ramsay, M. (2021). Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant. New England Journal of Medicine, 385(7), 585–594. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2108891
  • Mann, C., Ng, C., Akseer, N., Bhutta, Z. A., Borghi, J., Colbourn, T., … Berman, P. (2016). Countdown to 2015 country case studies: what can analysis of national health financing contribute to understanding MDG 4 and 5 progress? BMC Public Health, 16(S2), 792. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3403-4
  • Martin, S. ve Smith, P. C. (1999). Rationing by waiting lists: an empirical investigation. Journal of Public Economics, 71(1), 141–164. doi:10.1016/S0047-2727(98)00067-X
  • Matsushima, M., Yamada, H. ve Shimamura, Y. (2020). Analysis on demand‐ and supply‐side responses during the expansion of health insurance coverage in Vietnam: Challenges and policy implications toward universal health coverage. Review of Development Economics, 24(1), 144–166. doi:10.1111/rode.12627
  • McDonald, H. I., Tessier, E., White, J. M., Woodruff, M., Knowles, C., Bates, C., … Edelstein, M. (2020). Early impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and physical distancing measures on routine childhood vaccinations in England, January to April 2020. Eurosurveillance, 25(19). doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.19.2000848
  • Mueller, M., Suzuki, E., Gabriel Di Paolantonio, E. H. ve James, C. (2021). The health impact of COVID-19. OECD (2021). Health at a Glance 2021: OECD Indicators içinde . Paris: OECD, https://doi.org/10.1787/ae3016b9- en.
  • OECD. (2016). Health Workforce Policies in OECD Countries: Right Jobs, Right Skills, Right Places. OECD Health Policy Studies. OECD. doi:10.1787/9789264239517-en
  • OECD. (2021a). Health at a Glance 2021. Health at a Glance. OECD. doi:10.1787/ae3016b9-en
  • OECD. (2021b). “Access to COVID-19 vaccines: Global approaches in a global crisis”, OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19). Paris: OECD Publishing, https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/c6a18370-en. doi:10.1787/c6a18370-en.
  • OECD. (2021c). European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies (forthcoming), Italy: Country Health Profile 2021, State of Health in the EU. Paris: OECD Publishing, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Brussels.
  • OECD. (2022). Life expectancy at birth (indicator). [cited 2022 March 12]. Available from: https://data.oecd.org/healthstat/life-expectancy-at-birth.htm doi: 10.1787/27e0fc9d-en.
  • OECDSTAT. (2021). OECD Health Statistics. [cited 2022 March 12]. Available from: https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?lang=en Erişim Tarihi: 18.10.2021.
  • Osborne, J. W. (2013). Best practices in data cleaning. California: Sage Publication. Inc.
  • Paris, V., Wei, M. ve Devaux, L. (2010). Health Systems Institutional Characteristics: A Survey of 29 OECD Countries. Paris: OECD Health Working Papers, No. 50, OECD Publishing. doi:10.1787/5kmfxfq9qbnr-en.
  • Parmar, D. ve Banerjee, A. (2019). How do supply- and demand-side interventions influence equity in healthcare utilisation? Evidence from maternal healthcare in Senegal. Social Science & Medicine, 241, 112582. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112582
  • Propper, C., Burgess, S. ve Gossage, D. (2008). Competition and Quality: Evidence From the Nhs Internal Market 1991–9. The Economic Journal, 118(525), 138–170. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2007.02107.x
  • Public Health Ontario. (2021). COVID-19 Real-World Vaccine Effectiveness - What We Know So Far, [cited 2022 April 09]. Available from:https:// www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/ncov/covid-wwksf/2021/04/wwksf-vaccineeffectiveness.pdf?sc_lang=en. https:// www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/ncov/covid-wwksf/2021/04/wwksf-vaccineeffectiveness.pdf?sc_lang=en (accessed on 8 October 2021).
  • Riganti, A., Siciliani, L. ve Fiorio, C. V. (2017). The effect of waiting times on demand and supply for elective surgery: Evidence from Italy. Health Economics, 26, 92–105. doi:10.1002/hec.3545
  • Siciliani, L., Moran, V. ve Borowitz, M. (2014). Measuring and comparing health care waiting times in OECD countries. Health Policy, 118(3), 292–303. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2014.08.011
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  • Wambalaba, F. W., Son, B., Wambalaba, A. E., Nyong’o, D. ve Nyong’o, A. (2019). Prevalence and Capacity of Cancer Diagnostics and Treatment: A Demand and Supply Survey of Health-Care Facilities in Kenya. Cancer Control, 26(1), 107327481988693. doi:10.1177/1073274819886930
  • Wenzl, M. (2019). New ways of delivering care for better outcomes. OECD (2019), Health in the 21st Century: Putting Data to Work for Stronger Health Systems. OECD Health Policy Studies içinde . Paris: OECD, https://doi.org/10.1787/e3b23f8e-en.
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Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Servet Alp 0000-0001-8156-2205

İsmail Ağırbaş 0000-0002-1664-5159

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Haziran 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Temmuz 2022
Kabul Tarihi 13 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 46

Kaynak Göster

APA Alp, S., & Ağırbaş, İ. (2023). OECD ÜLKELERİ SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ ARZI VE TALEBİ: ÖRNEK UYGULAMA. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(46), 46-68. https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.1145671