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The Health Belief Model, Tourism Phobia and Epidemic Diseases

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: Ek2, 25 - 43, 11.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.32572/guntad.1019847

Öz

The Covid-19 pandemic may reveal fear-related phobic behaviors at the societal level, increase the incidence of these behaviors and cause health-related behavioral alterations. These transformations are expected to be permanent even after the epidemic ends or is brought under control. It is anticipated that the tourism industry will also experience these changes intensely, that the resulting fear, panic, uncertainty and risk perception will change tourist behavior and arouse phobic behaviors. In point of fact, fear provokes individuals to develop defense mechanisms in order to protect themselves against dangers. The high risk perception regarding health reveals the protective behavior. At this point, the tourist does not feel safe during his/her vacation, the possibility of being infected, infecting his/her relatives or other people around him; It may lead to a decrease in international travel, shortening of vacation time or abstaining from traveling. From this point of view, this study focuses on the Health Belief Model, tourism phobia and epidemic disease, and the psychological effects of the fear and panic environment created by the Covid-19 epidemic are outlined.

Kaynakça

  • Abraham, C., & Sheeran, P. (2005). The Health Belief Model. M. Conner, & P. Norman içinde, Predicting Health Behavior (s. 28-80). Glasgow: Bell & Bain.
  • Almeida-García, F., Cortés-Macías, R., & Balbuena-Vázquez, A. (2019). Tourism-phobia in Historic Centres: The Case of Malaga. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, 1-32.
  • Almeida-García, F., Cortés-Macías, R., & Parzych, K. (2021). Tourism Impacts, Tourism-Phobia and Gentrification in Historic Centers: The Cases of Málaga (Spain) and Gdansk (Poland). Sustainability, 1-25.
  • Bae, S. Y., & Chang, P.-J. (2021). The Effect of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Risk Perception on Behavioural Intention Towards ‘Untact’ Tourism in South Korea During the First Wave of the Pandemic (March 2020). Current Issues in Tourism, 1017-1035.
  • Bal, M. D. (2014). Kadınların Pap Smear Testi Yaptırma Durumlarının Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği ile Değerlendirilmesi. MÜSBED, 133-138.
  • Bec, A., Moyle, B., Schaffer, V., & Timms, K. (2021). Virtual Reality and Mixed Reality for Second Chance Tourism. Tourism Management, 1-5.
  • Blanco-Romero, A., Blázquez-Salom, M., Morell, M., & Fletcher, R. (2019). Not Tourism-phobia but Urban-philia: Understanding Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Urban Touristification. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, 1-30.
  • Bratic, M., Radivojevic, A., Stojiljkovic, N., Simovic, O., Juvan, E., Lesjak, M., & Podovšovnik, E. (2021). Should I Stay or Should I Go? Tourists’ COVID-19 Risk Perception and Vacation Behavior Shift. Sustainability, 1-19.
  • Bremser, K., Crowley-Cyr, L., Abraham, V., Moreno-Martin, M. J., & Carreno, M. (2021). Application of the Health Belief Model to Explain Public Perceptions, Travel Intentions and Actions during COVID-19: A Sequential Transformative Design. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 1-21.
  • Cahyanto, I., Wiblishauser, M., Pennington-Gray, L., & Schroeder, A. (2016). The Dynamics of Travel Avoidance: The Case of Ebola in the U.S. Tourism Management Perspectives, 195-203.
  • Carico, R. R., Sheppard, J., & Thomas, C. B. (2021). Community Pharmacists and Communication in the Time of COVID-19 Applying the Health Belief Model. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 1984-1987.
  • Champion, V. L., & Skinner, C. S. (2008). The Health Belief Model. K. Glanz, B. K. Rimer, & K. Viswanath içinde, Health Behavior and Health Education (s. 45-66). San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Chandra, S., Christensen, J., Chandra, M., & Paneth, N. (2021). Pandemic Reemergence and Four Waves of Excess Mortality Coinciding With the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Michigan: Insights for COVID-19. History Essay, 430-437.
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  • Chen, S., Law, R., & Zhang, M. (2021). Review of Research on Tourism-related Diseases. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 44-58.
  • Crozier, M., Gillihan, S. J., & Powers, M. B. (2011). Issues in Differential Diagnosis: Phobias and Phobic Conditions. D. McKay, & E. Storch içinde, Handbook of Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders (s. 7-22). Springer: Heidelberg.
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Sağlık İnanç Modeli, Turizm Fobisi ve Salgın Hastalıklar

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: Ek2, 25 - 43, 11.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.32572/guntad.1019847

Öz

Covid-19 salgını, toplumsal düzeyde korkuyla bağlantılı fobik davranışları ortaya çıkarabilmekte, bu davranışların görülme sıklığını artırabilmekte, sağlıkla bağlantılı davranış değişiklilerine sebebiyet verebilmektedir. Salgın sona erdikten ya da kontrol altına alındıktan sonra dahi bu dönüşümlerin kalıcı olması beklenmektedir. Turizm endüstrisinin de bu değişimleri yoğun bir şekilde deneyimleyeceği, ortaya çıkan korkunun, paniğin, belirsizliğin ve risk algısının turist davranışını değiştireceği, fobik davranışlara sebebiyet vereceği düşünülmektedir. Nitekim korku, bireylerin kendini tehlikelere karşı koruma altına almak adına savunma mekanizmaları geliştirmesine neden olmaktadır. Sağlığa ilişkin risk algısının yüksek olması ise koruma davranışını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu noktada turistin tatili esnasında kendini güvende hissetmemesi, enfekte olabilme, yakınlarına ya da etrafındaki diğer kişilere hastalığı bulaştırma olasılığı; uluslararası seyahatlerin azalmasına, turistlerin daha kısa süreli seyahatler gerçekleştirmelerine ya da seyahat etmekten tamamen imtina etmelerine sebebiyet verebilir. Bu perspektiften bu çalışmada sağlık inanç modeli, turizm fobisi ve salgın hastalık konuları üzerinde durulmuş, Covid-19 salgının yarattığı korku ve panik ortamının psikolojik etkileri genel hatlarıyla çizilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Abraham, C., & Sheeran, P. (2005). The Health Belief Model. M. Conner, & P. Norman içinde, Predicting Health Behavior (s. 28-80). Glasgow: Bell & Bain.
  • Almeida-García, F., Cortés-Macías, R., & Balbuena-Vázquez, A. (2019). Tourism-phobia in Historic Centres: The Case of Malaga. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, 1-32.
  • Almeida-García, F., Cortés-Macías, R., & Parzych, K. (2021). Tourism Impacts, Tourism-Phobia and Gentrification in Historic Centers: The Cases of Málaga (Spain) and Gdansk (Poland). Sustainability, 1-25.
  • Bae, S. Y., & Chang, P.-J. (2021). The Effect of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Risk Perception on Behavioural Intention Towards ‘Untact’ Tourism in South Korea During the First Wave of the Pandemic (March 2020). Current Issues in Tourism, 1017-1035.
  • Bal, M. D. (2014). Kadınların Pap Smear Testi Yaptırma Durumlarının Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği ile Değerlendirilmesi. MÜSBED, 133-138.
  • Bec, A., Moyle, B., Schaffer, V., & Timms, K. (2021). Virtual Reality and Mixed Reality for Second Chance Tourism. Tourism Management, 1-5.
  • Blanco-Romero, A., Blázquez-Salom, M., Morell, M., & Fletcher, R. (2019). Not Tourism-phobia but Urban-philia: Understanding Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Urban Touristification. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, 1-30.
  • Bratic, M., Radivojevic, A., Stojiljkovic, N., Simovic, O., Juvan, E., Lesjak, M., & Podovšovnik, E. (2021). Should I Stay or Should I Go? Tourists’ COVID-19 Risk Perception and Vacation Behavior Shift. Sustainability, 1-19.
  • Bremser, K., Crowley-Cyr, L., Abraham, V., Moreno-Martin, M. J., & Carreno, M. (2021). Application of the Health Belief Model to Explain Public Perceptions, Travel Intentions and Actions during COVID-19: A Sequential Transformative Design. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 1-21.
  • Cahyanto, I., Wiblishauser, M., Pennington-Gray, L., & Schroeder, A. (2016). The Dynamics of Travel Avoidance: The Case of Ebola in the U.S. Tourism Management Perspectives, 195-203.
  • Carico, R. R., Sheppard, J., & Thomas, C. B. (2021). Community Pharmacists and Communication in the Time of COVID-19 Applying the Health Belief Model. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 1984-1987.
  • Champion, V. L., & Skinner, C. S. (2008). The Health Belief Model. K. Glanz, B. K. Rimer, & K. Viswanath içinde, Health Behavior and Health Education (s. 45-66). San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Chandra, S., Christensen, J., Chandra, M., & Paneth, N. (2021). Pandemic Reemergence and Four Waves of Excess Mortality Coinciding With the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Michigan: Insights for COVID-19. History Essay, 430-437.
  • Chatta, G. N., Ajmal, M., & Ajmal, S. (2017). Blood Injection - Injury Phobia amongst Medical Students and Its Impact on Their Future Prospects. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 2130-2138.
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  • Merckelbach, H., Jong, P. J., Muris, P., & Hout, M. A. (1996). The Etiology of Spesific Phobias: A Review. Clinical Psychology Review, 337-361.
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  • Nino, A. (2021). Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on the Tourism Industry and Hospitality. European Journal of Economics and Management, 55-58.
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  • Pardo, C., & Ladeiras, A. (2020). Covid-19 “Tourism in Flight Mode”: A Lost Opportunity to Rethink Tourism – towards a more Sustainable and Inclusive Society. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 671-678.
  • Pásztor, J., Bak, G., & Kántor, S. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 and Its Impact on Holiday Planning and Working Abroad. 18th International Conference on Management, Enterprise, Benchmarking (s. 169-180). Budapest: Budapest Óbuda Universit.
  • Presti, G., McHugh, L., Gloster, A., Karekla, M., & Hayes, S. C. (2020). The Dynamics of Fear at the Time of Covid-19: A Contextual Behavioral Science Perspective. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 65-71.
  • Qiu, R. T., Park, J., Li, S., & Song, H. (2020). Social Costs of Tourism during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Annals of Tourism Research, 1-14.
  • Quintal, V. A., Lee, J. A., & Soutar, G. N. (2010). Risk, Uncertainty and the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Tourism Example . Tourism Management, 797-805.
  • Ramos, S. P., & Mundet, L. (2021). Tourism-phobia in Barcelona: Dismantling Discursive Strategies and Power Games in the Construction of a Sustainable Tourist City. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 113-131.
  • Rather, R. A. (2021). Monitoring the Impacts of Tourism-based Social Media, Risk Perception and Fear on Tourist’s Attitude and Revisiting Behaviour in the Wake of COVID-19 Pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-9.
  • Riadil, I. G. (2020). Tourism Industry Crisis and its Impacts: Investigating the Indonesian Tourism Employees Perspectives’ in the Pandemic of COVID-19. Jurnal Kepariwisataan: Destinasi, Hospitalitas dan Perjalanan, 1-15.
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  • Senbeto, D. L., & Hon, A. H. (2020). The Impacts of Social and Economic Crises on Tourist Behaviour and Expenditure: An Evolutionary Approach. Current Issues in Tourism, 740-755.
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  • Zheng, D., Luo, Q., & Ritchie, B. W. (2021b). The Role of Trust in Mitigating Perceived Threat, Fear, and Travel Avoidance after a Pandemic Outbreak: A Multigroup Analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 1-16.
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Toplam 98 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Bayram Şahin 0000-0002-1911-9066

Selda Güven 0000-0002-4931-7880

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Eylül 2022
Kabul Tarihi 28 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: Ek2

Kaynak Göster

APA Şahin, B., & Güven, S. (2022). Sağlık İnanç Modeli, Turizm Fobisi ve Salgın Hastalıklar. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(Ek2), 25-43. https://doi.org/10.32572/guntad.1019847

Değerli Araştırmacılar,

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