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ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 İLE KATMANLI ÜRETİMİN BÜTÜNLEŞMESİNİ KOLAYLAŞTIRAN FAKTÖRLERİN YORUMLAYICI YAPISAL MODELLEME İLE ANALİZİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 348 - 367, 21.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1231952

Öz

Hızlı prototipleme veya üç boyutlu (3B) baskı isimleriyle de anılan katmanlı üretim, geleneksel bilgisayar destekli üretimin aksine malzemelerin birleştirilerek üst üste eklenmesi felsefesine dayanan ve karmaşık geometrili nesnelerin üretilmesini mümkün kılan bir üretim yöntemidir. Bilişim teknolojilerinin endüstriyi bir araya getirmesiyle ortaya atılan endüstri 4.0 ise, nesnelerin ortak bir iletişim ağıyla birbirleriyle haberleşmesini mümkün kılan 4. Sanayi devrimi olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Endüstri 4.0’ın temel amacı, insan gücüne bağımlılığı azaltmak, daha az maliyetle üretim çizelgesi oluşturarak daha etkili, hızlı ve esnek yapı inşa etmektir. Mevcut literatür her ne kadar katmanlı üretimin endüstri 4.0 ile bütünleşmesinin ortaya çıkaracağı avantajlardan bahsetse de, endüstri 4.0 ve katmanlı üretimin bütünleşmesini mümkün kılan faktörlerin taşıdığı önemi derecelendirme bağlamında oldukça az sayıda çalışma vardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, endüstri 4.0 ile katmanlı üretimin bütünleşmesini kolaylaştıran faktörleri literatür incelemeleri ile elde etmek ve uzman görüşleri yardımıyla bu faktörler arasındaki ilişkiyi Yorumlayıcı Yapısal Modelleme ile analiz etmektir. Yorumlayıcı Yapısal Modelleme yöntemiyle faktörler arasındaki ilişkiler tespit edilmiş ve MICMAC analiziyle ise belirlenen faktörlerin endüstri 4.0 ile katmanlı üretimin bütünleşmesini kolaylaştırması açısından önemi bağımlılık ve etkileme seviyelerine göre ortaya konulmuştur. Analizler sonucunda ortaya çıkan hiyerarşik ilişkiler modeline göre, endüstri 4.0 ile katmanlı üretimin bütünleşme sürecini kolaylaştıran en önemli faktör olarak nesnelerin interneti bulgulanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Agrawal, R., & Vinodh, S. (2021). Prioritizing drivers of industry 4.0 enabling additive manufacturing: a case study. In Industry 4.0 and Advanced Manufacturing: Proceedings of I-4AM 2019 (pp. 25-34). Springer Singapore.
  • Ashima, R., Haleem, A., Bahl, S., Javaid, M., Mahla, S. K., & Singh, S. (2021). Automation and manufacturing of smart materials in Additive Manufacturing technologies using Internet of Things towards the adoption of Industry 4.0. Materials Today: Proceedings, 45, 5081-5088.
  • Azarian, M., Yu, H., & Solvang, W. D. (2021). Integrating additive manufacturing into a virtual Industry 4.0 factory. In Advanced Manufacturing and Automation X 10 (587- 594). Springer Singapore.
  • Bordron, M., Mehdi-Souzani, C., & Bruneau, O. (2019). Inline measurement strategy for additive manufacturing. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 233( 5), 1402-1411
  • Charles, A., Bayat, M., Elkaseer, A., & Scholz, S. (2023). Simulation in Additive Manufacturing and Its Implications for Sustainable Manufacturing in the Era of Industry 4.0. In Sustainable Design and Manufacturing: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing (370-377). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Chong, S., Pan, G.T., Chin, J., Show, P., Yang, T., & Huang, C.M. (2018). Integration of 3D printing and industry 4.0 into engineering teaching. Sustainability, 10(11), 3960.
  • Çalışkan, A. (2020). Akıllı Liman Dönüşümünde Zorlukların Yorumlayıcı Yapısal Modelleme İle Değerlendirilmesi. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 8(1), 305-320.
  • Çankaya, S. Y., & Sezen, B. (2020). Industry 4.0 and Sustainability. In Handbook of Research on Creating Sustainable Value in the Global Economy (pp. 67-84). IGI Global.
  • Çelebi, A., Koda D. Y. (2021). Endüstri 4.0 çerçevesinde katmanlı imalatta sensör uygulamaları. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, 5(1), 85-97.
  • Delic, M., Eyers, D.R. & Mikulic, J. (2019). Additive manufacturing: empirical evidence for supply chain integration and performance from the automotive industry. Supply Chain Management, 24(5), 604-621.
  • Dilberoglu, U.M., Gharehpapagh, B., Yaman, U., & Dolen, M. (2017). The role of additive manufacturing in the era of industry 4.0. Procedia Manufacturing, 11, 545-554.
  • Erik, A. & Kuvvetli, Y. (2021). Üretim İşletmelerinin Endüstri 4.0 Entegrasyonunun Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(3), 637-647.
  • Godina, R., Ribeiro, I., Matos, F., T. Ferreira, B., Carvalho, H., & Peças, P. (2020). Impact assessment of additive manufacturing on sustainable business models in industry 4.0 context. Sustainability, 12(17), 7066.
  • Gökhan, Ö. (2020). Eklemeli üretim teknolojileri üzerine bir derleme. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 606-621.
  • Güngör, A. (2020). Türkiye’de Katmanlı İmalat ve Gemi İnşaatı Üzerine Etkileri. Gemi ve Deniz Teknolojisi, (218), 36-53.
  • Haleem, A. and Javaid, M. (2019). Additive manufacturing applications in industry 4.0: a review. Journal of Industrial Integration and Management, 4(4), 1930001,
  • Hernandez Korner, M.E., Lamban, M.P., Albajez, J.A., Santolaria, J., Ng Corrales, L.D.C., & Royo, J. (2020). Systematic Literature Review: Integration of Additive Manufacturing and Industry 4.0. Metals, 10(8), 1061.
  • Horst, D.J., Duvoisin, C.A. and de Almeida Vieira, R. (2018). Additive manufacturing at industry 4.0: a review. International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research, 8(8), 3-8.
  • Jayawardane, H., Davies, I. J., Gamage, J. R., John, M., & Biswas, W. K. (2023). Sustainability Perspectives–A Review of Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing. Sustainable Manufacturing and Service Economics, 100015.
  • Kamber, E., & Bolatan, G. İ. S. (2019). Endüstri 4.0 Türkiye Farkındalığı. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(30), 836-847.
  • Kaygın, E., Zengin, Y., & Topçuoğlu, E. (2019). Endüstri 4.0’a Akademik Bakış. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 33(4), 1065-1081.
  • Kulkarni, P., Kumar, A., Chate, G. and Dandannavar, P. (2021). Elements of additive manufacturing technology adoption in small- and medium-sized companies. Innovation & Management Review, 18(4), 400-416.
  • Kumar, A. (2018). Methods and materials for smart manufacturing: additive manufacturing, internet of things, flexible sensors and soft robotics. Manufacturing Letters, 15, 122- 125.
  • Lemu, H.G. (2018). On opportunities and limitations of additive manufacturing technology for industry 4.0 era. in International Workshop of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation, Springer, Singapore, 106-113.
  • Malaga, A., & Vinodh, S. (2022). Technology Selection for Additive Manufacturing in Industry 4.0 Scenario Using Hybrid MCDM Approach. In Industry 4.0 and Advanced Manufacturing: Proceedings of I-4AM (207-217). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Malviya, R.K., & Kant, R. (2017). Modeling the enablers of green supply chain management: An integrated ISM – fuzzy MICMAC approach. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 24(2), 536-568.
  • Mitchell, A., Lafont, U., Hołyńska, M., & Semprimoschnig, C. J. A. M. (2018). Additive manufacturing—A review of 4D printing and future applications. Additive Manufacturing, 24, 606-626.
  • Öberg, C. (2019). Additive manufacturing – digitally changing the global business landscape. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 28(2), 174-188.
  • Parvanda, R., & Kala, P. (2022). Trends, opportunities, and challenges in the integration of the additive manufacturing with Industry 4.0. Progress in Additive Manufacturing, 1- 28.
  • Qin, J., Liu, Y., & Grosvenor, R. (2017). A framework of energy consumption modelling for additive manufacturing using internet of things. Procedia CIRP, 63, 307-312.
  • Sartal, A., Carou, D., Dorado-Vicente, R., & Mandayo, L. (2019). Facing the challenges of the food industry: might additive manufacturing be the answer?. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 233(8), 1902-1906.
  • Singh, M., Kumar, P., & Rathi, R. (2019). Modelling the barriers of Lean Six Sigma for Indian micro-small medium enterprises: An ISM and MICMAC approach. The TQM Journal, 31(5), 673-695.
  • Sürmen, H. K. (2019). Eklemeli İmalat (3b Baskı): Teknolojiler Ve Uygulamalar. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(2), 373-392.
  • Turkcan, H., Imamoglu, S. Z., & Ince, H. (2022). To be more innovative and more competitive in dynamic environments: The role of additive manufacturing. International Journal of Production Economics, 246, 108418.
  • Wankhede, V. A., & Vinodh, S. (2021). Application of total interpretive structural modeling for analyzing factors of additive manufacturing and industry 4.0 integration. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 27(8), 1591-1608.
  • Yıldız Çankaya, S. (2022). Kapalı Döngü Tedarik Zinciri Uygulamalarını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Yorumlayıcı Yapısal Modelleme Ve Mıcmac Yöntemleri İle Analizi. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, (Özel Sayı), 1-25.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS FACILITATING THE INTEGRATION OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRY 4.0 WITH INTERPRETIVE STRUCTURAL MODELING

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 348 - 367, 21.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1231952

Öz

Additive manufacturing, also called rapid prototyping or three-dimensional (3D) printing, is a production method based on combining materials and adding them on top of each other and making it possible to produce objects with complex geometries, unlike traditional computer-aided production. Industry 4.0, which was introduced by the combination of information technologies and industry, is described as the 4th Industrial Revolution, which makes it possible for objects to communicate with each other through a common communication network. The core purpose of Industry 4.0 is to reduce the dependence on manpower and to build a more effective, fast and flexible structure by creating a production schedule with less cost. Although the extant literature mentions the advantagesof the integration of additive manufacturing with industry 4.0, there are very few studies in the aspect of rating thefactors that enable the integration of industry 4.0 and
additive manufacturing. The purpose of this research is to obtain the factors facilitating the integration of Industry 4.0 and Additive Manufacturing through literature reviews and to analyze the relationship between these factors with Interpretive Structural Modeling with the assist of expert opinions. The relationships between the factors were determined by the Interpretive Structural Modeling method, and the importance of the factors determined by MICMAC analysis in facilitating the integration of industry 4.0 with additive manufacturing was revealed according to their dependency and influence levels. According to the hierarchical relations model that arise as a result of the analyzes, the internet of things was found to be the most significant factor facilitating the integration process of industry 4.0 as well as additive manufacturing.

Kaynakça

  • Agrawal, R., & Vinodh, S. (2021). Prioritizing drivers of industry 4.0 enabling additive manufacturing: a case study. In Industry 4.0 and Advanced Manufacturing: Proceedings of I-4AM 2019 (pp. 25-34). Springer Singapore.
  • Ashima, R., Haleem, A., Bahl, S., Javaid, M., Mahla, S. K., & Singh, S. (2021). Automation and manufacturing of smart materials in Additive Manufacturing technologies using Internet of Things towards the adoption of Industry 4.0. Materials Today: Proceedings, 45, 5081-5088.
  • Azarian, M., Yu, H., & Solvang, W. D. (2021). Integrating additive manufacturing into a virtual Industry 4.0 factory. In Advanced Manufacturing and Automation X 10 (587- 594). Springer Singapore.
  • Bordron, M., Mehdi-Souzani, C., & Bruneau, O. (2019). Inline measurement strategy for additive manufacturing. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 233( 5), 1402-1411
  • Charles, A., Bayat, M., Elkaseer, A., & Scholz, S. (2023). Simulation in Additive Manufacturing and Its Implications for Sustainable Manufacturing in the Era of Industry 4.0. In Sustainable Design and Manufacturing: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Sustainable Design and Manufacturing (370-377). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Chong, S., Pan, G.T., Chin, J., Show, P., Yang, T., & Huang, C.M. (2018). Integration of 3D printing and industry 4.0 into engineering teaching. Sustainability, 10(11), 3960.
  • Çalışkan, A. (2020). Akıllı Liman Dönüşümünde Zorlukların Yorumlayıcı Yapısal Modelleme İle Değerlendirilmesi. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 8(1), 305-320.
  • Çankaya, S. Y., & Sezen, B. (2020). Industry 4.0 and Sustainability. In Handbook of Research on Creating Sustainable Value in the Global Economy (pp. 67-84). IGI Global.
  • Çelebi, A., Koda D. Y. (2021). Endüstri 4.0 çerçevesinde katmanlı imalatta sensör uygulamaları. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, 5(1), 85-97.
  • Delic, M., Eyers, D.R. & Mikulic, J. (2019). Additive manufacturing: empirical evidence for supply chain integration and performance from the automotive industry. Supply Chain Management, 24(5), 604-621.
  • Dilberoglu, U.M., Gharehpapagh, B., Yaman, U., & Dolen, M. (2017). The role of additive manufacturing in the era of industry 4.0. Procedia Manufacturing, 11, 545-554.
  • Erik, A. & Kuvvetli, Y. (2021). Üretim İşletmelerinin Endüstri 4.0 Entegrasyonunun Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(3), 637-647.
  • Godina, R., Ribeiro, I., Matos, F., T. Ferreira, B., Carvalho, H., & Peças, P. (2020). Impact assessment of additive manufacturing on sustainable business models in industry 4.0 context. Sustainability, 12(17), 7066.
  • Gökhan, Ö. (2020). Eklemeli üretim teknolojileri üzerine bir derleme. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 606-621.
  • Güngör, A. (2020). Türkiye’de Katmanlı İmalat ve Gemi İnşaatı Üzerine Etkileri. Gemi ve Deniz Teknolojisi, (218), 36-53.
  • Haleem, A. and Javaid, M. (2019). Additive manufacturing applications in industry 4.0: a review. Journal of Industrial Integration and Management, 4(4), 1930001,
  • Hernandez Korner, M.E., Lamban, M.P., Albajez, J.A., Santolaria, J., Ng Corrales, L.D.C., & Royo, J. (2020). Systematic Literature Review: Integration of Additive Manufacturing and Industry 4.0. Metals, 10(8), 1061.
  • Horst, D.J., Duvoisin, C.A. and de Almeida Vieira, R. (2018). Additive manufacturing at industry 4.0: a review. International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research, 8(8), 3-8.
  • Jayawardane, H., Davies, I. J., Gamage, J. R., John, M., & Biswas, W. K. (2023). Sustainability Perspectives–A Review of Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing. Sustainable Manufacturing and Service Economics, 100015.
  • Kamber, E., & Bolatan, G. İ. S. (2019). Endüstri 4.0 Türkiye Farkındalığı. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(30), 836-847.
  • Kaygın, E., Zengin, Y., & Topçuoğlu, E. (2019). Endüstri 4.0’a Akademik Bakış. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 33(4), 1065-1081.
  • Kulkarni, P., Kumar, A., Chate, G. and Dandannavar, P. (2021). Elements of additive manufacturing technology adoption in small- and medium-sized companies. Innovation & Management Review, 18(4), 400-416.
  • Kumar, A. (2018). Methods and materials for smart manufacturing: additive manufacturing, internet of things, flexible sensors and soft robotics. Manufacturing Letters, 15, 122- 125.
  • Lemu, H.G. (2018). On opportunities and limitations of additive manufacturing technology for industry 4.0 era. in International Workshop of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation, Springer, Singapore, 106-113.
  • Malaga, A., & Vinodh, S. (2022). Technology Selection for Additive Manufacturing in Industry 4.0 Scenario Using Hybrid MCDM Approach. In Industry 4.0 and Advanced Manufacturing: Proceedings of I-4AM (207-217). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  • Malviya, R.K., & Kant, R. (2017). Modeling the enablers of green supply chain management: An integrated ISM – fuzzy MICMAC approach. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 24(2), 536-568.
  • Mitchell, A., Lafont, U., Hołyńska, M., & Semprimoschnig, C. J. A. M. (2018). Additive manufacturing—A review of 4D printing and future applications. Additive Manufacturing, 24, 606-626.
  • Öberg, C. (2019). Additive manufacturing – digitally changing the global business landscape. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 28(2), 174-188.
  • Parvanda, R., & Kala, P. (2022). Trends, opportunities, and challenges in the integration of the additive manufacturing with Industry 4.0. Progress in Additive Manufacturing, 1- 28.
  • Qin, J., Liu, Y., & Grosvenor, R. (2017). A framework of energy consumption modelling for additive manufacturing using internet of things. Procedia CIRP, 63, 307-312.
  • Sartal, A., Carou, D., Dorado-Vicente, R., & Mandayo, L. (2019). Facing the challenges of the food industry: might additive manufacturing be the answer?. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 233(8), 1902-1906.
  • Singh, M., Kumar, P., & Rathi, R. (2019). Modelling the barriers of Lean Six Sigma for Indian micro-small medium enterprises: An ISM and MICMAC approach. The TQM Journal, 31(5), 673-695.
  • Sürmen, H. K. (2019). Eklemeli İmalat (3b Baskı): Teknolojiler Ve Uygulamalar. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(2), 373-392.
  • Turkcan, H., Imamoglu, S. Z., & Ince, H. (2022). To be more innovative and more competitive in dynamic environments: The role of additive manufacturing. International Journal of Production Economics, 246, 108418.
  • Wankhede, V. A., & Vinodh, S. (2021). Application of total interpretive structural modeling for analyzing factors of additive manufacturing and industry 4.0 integration. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 27(8), 1591-1608.
  • Yıldız Çankaya, S. (2022). Kapalı Döngü Tedarik Zinciri Uygulamalarını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Yorumlayıcı Yapısal Modelleme Ve Mıcmac Yöntemleri İle Analizi. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, (Özel Sayı), 1-25.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yeşim Can Sağlam 0000-0003-0528-6135

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Haziran 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Ocak 2023
Kabul Tarihi 13 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Can Sağlam, Y. (2023). ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 İLE KATMANLI ÜRETİMİN BÜTÜNLEŞMESİNİ KOLAYLAŞTIRAN FAKTÖRLERİN YORUMLAYICI YAPISAL MODELLEME İLE ANALİZİ. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 11(1), 348-367. https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1231952
AMA Can Sağlam Y. ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 İLE KATMANLI ÜRETİMİN BÜTÜNLEŞMESİNİ KOLAYLAŞTIRAN FAKTÖRLERİN YORUMLAYICI YAPISAL MODELLEME İLE ANALİZİ. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. Haziran 2023;11(1):348-367. doi:10.14514/beykozad.1231952
Chicago Can Sağlam, Yeşim. “ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 İLE KATMANLI ÜRETİMİN BÜTÜNLEŞMESİNİ KOLAYLAŞTIRAN FAKTÖRLERİN YORUMLAYICI YAPISAL MODELLEME İLE ANALİZİ”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 11, sy. 1 (Haziran 2023): 348-67. https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1231952.
EndNote Can Sağlam Y (01 Haziran 2023) ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 İLE KATMANLI ÜRETİMİN BÜTÜNLEŞMESİNİ KOLAYLAŞTIRAN FAKTÖRLERİN YORUMLAYICI YAPISAL MODELLEME İLE ANALİZİ. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 11 1 348–367.
IEEE Y. Can Sağlam, “ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 İLE KATMANLI ÜRETİMİN BÜTÜNLEŞMESİNİ KOLAYLAŞTIRAN FAKTÖRLERİN YORUMLAYICI YAPISAL MODELLEME İLE ANALİZİ”, Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 1, ss. 348–367, 2023, doi: 10.14514/beykozad.1231952.
ISNAD Can Sağlam, Yeşim. “ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 İLE KATMANLI ÜRETİMİN BÜTÜNLEŞMESİNİ KOLAYLAŞTIRAN FAKTÖRLERİN YORUMLAYICI YAPISAL MODELLEME İLE ANALİZİ”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi 11/1 (Haziran 2023), 348-367. https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1231952.
JAMA Can Sağlam Y. ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 İLE KATMANLI ÜRETİMİN BÜTÜNLEŞMESİNİ KOLAYLAŞTIRAN FAKTÖRLERİN YORUMLAYICI YAPISAL MODELLEME İLE ANALİZİ. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. 2023;11:348–367.
MLA Can Sağlam, Yeşim. “ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 İLE KATMANLI ÜRETİMİN BÜTÜNLEŞMESİNİ KOLAYLAŞTIRAN FAKTÖRLERİN YORUMLAYICI YAPISAL MODELLEME İLE ANALİZİ”. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 348-67, doi:10.14514/beykozad.1231952.
Vancouver Can Sağlam Y. ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 İLE KATMANLI ÜRETİMİN BÜTÜNLEŞMESİNİ KOLAYLAŞTIRAN FAKTÖRLERİN YORUMLAYICI YAPISAL MODELLEME İLE ANALİZİ. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi. 2023;11(1):348-67.