Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Sustainable Cultural Heritage Management: A Research for Tourism Stakeholders

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4, 1140 - 1156, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.803393

Öz

The aim of the research is to examine the differences of perceptions and attitudes of tourism stakeholders from the participative and sustainable perspective in the process of cultural heritage management and to offer solutions for possible problems. In line with this purpose, a study scope was created to determine whether factors such as socio-economic, administrative, environmental, information sharing, and protectionist approach associated with sustainable cultural heritage management (SCHM) differ according to tourism stakeholder groups. Field research of the study was carried out in Konya province. As the sample group, local people, local ve foreign tourists, tourism enterprises, local governments and nongovernmental organizations from tourism stakeholder groups were included in the study. A previously used questionnaire was used to develop a new questionnaire which was then used to measure the perceptions and attitudes of the stakeholders. As a result of face-to-face interviews, investigable data was obtained from 2080 people in tourism stakeholder groups. The obtained survey data were analyzed with the help of determinative statistics, factor analysis, statistical analysis methods such as Kruskal Wallis-H, Mann-Whitney U. According to the results of the research, no significant difference was found between the groups in the dimensions of SKMY's socio-economic, sustainable management practices and information sharing between stakeholders. However, it has been observed that there are significant differences among stakeholder groups in terms of natural resources and energy use, environmental transport practices, protection of cultural heritage, participatory management practices and carrying capacity dimensions.

Kaynakça

  • Aas, C., Ladkin, A. ve Fletcher, J. (2005). Stakeholder collaboration and heritage management. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(1), 28-48.
  • Aygün, H. M. (2011). Kültürel mirası korumada katılımcılık. Vakıflar Dergisi, 35, 191-213.
  • Brimblecombe, P. (2014). Refining climate change threats to heritage. Journal of the Institute of Conservation, 37(2), 85-93.
  • Brumann, C. (2015). Cultural heritage. In J. D. Wright (Ed.). International Encyclopedia of the Social&Behavioral Sciences, (2nd ed.), Oxford: Elsevier.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2003). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Carbone, F., Oosterbeek, L., Costa, C. ve Ferreira, A. M. (2020). Extending and adapting the concept of quality management for museums and cultural heritage attractions: A comparative study of Southern European cultural heritage managers' perceptions. Tourism Management Perspectives, 35, 1-9.
  • Cassar, M. ve Pender, R. (2005). The impact of climate change on cultural heritage: evidence and response. In: ICOM Committee for Conservation: 14th Triennial Meeting, the Hague, Netherlands.
  • Chapin III, F. S. ve Knapp, C. N. (2015). Sense of place: A process for identifying and negotiating potentially contested visions of sustainability. Environmental Science&Policy, 53, 38-46.
  • Chiabrando, F., Sammartano, G. ve Spanò, A. (2016). Historical buildings models and their handling via 3d survey: From points clouds to user-oriented hbim. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry. Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLI-B5, XXIII ISPRS Congress, 12-19 July, Prague/Czech Republic.
  • Çömlekçi, N. (2001). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi ve istatistiksel anlamlılık sınamaları. Ankara: Bilim Teknik Yayınevi.
  • Dangal, R. (2015). Nepal Disaster Report 2015. The Government of Nepal. Ministry of Home Affairs and Disaster Preparedness, Network-Nepal.
  • Doğan, M. (2014). Sürdürülebilir destinasyon yönetimi bağlamında adalar: Bozcada üzerine bir model önerisi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Çanakkale 18 Mart Üniversitesi, Çanakkale.
  • Ekin, Y. ve Ören, V. E. (2012). Turizm paydaşlarının turizm deneyiminden tatmin düzeyleri ve turizme yönelik genel tutumları üzerine betimleyici bir araştırma: Antalya örneği. Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 133-148.
  • Ferretti, V., Bottero, M. ve Mondini, G. (2014). Decision making and cultural heritage: An application of the multi-attribute value theory for the reuse of historical buildings. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 15(6), 644-655.
  • Hall, C.M., Baird, T., James, M. ve Ram, Y. (2016). Climate change and cultural heritage: Conservation and heritage tourism in the anthropocene. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 11(1), 10-24.
  • Honari, H., Goudarzi, M., Heidari, A. ve Emami, A. (2010). A comparison of the viewpoints of tourists, interested managers and cultural heritage organization managers regarding sport tourism-driven job and income creation in Mazandaran- Iran. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 5659-5663.
  • Landorf, C. (2009). Managing for sustainable tourism: A review of six cultural world heritage sites. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(1), 53-70.
  • McKercher, B., Ho, P. S. Y. ve du Cros, H. (2005). Relationship between tourism and cultural heritage management: Evidence from Hong Kong. Tourism Management, 26(4), 539-548.
  • McKercher, B., ve du Cros, H. (2012). Cultural tourism: The partnership between tourism and cultural heritage management. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Nicholas, L. N., Thapa B. ve Yong, J. K. (2009). Residents’ perspectives of a world heritage site. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(3), 390-412.
  • Özdemir, G. (2014). Destinasyon yönetimi ve pazarlaması (1. Baskı). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Richards, G. (2001). Cultural attractions and European tourism. UK: CABI.
  • Richards, G., ve Munsters, W. (2010). Developments and perspectives in cultural tourism research. In G. Richards&W. Munsters (Eds.). Cultural Tourism Research Methods, UK: CABI.
  • Sabbioni, C., Cassar, M., Brimblecombe, P. ve Lefevre, R. (2009). Vulnerability of cultural heritage to climate change. Pollution Atmospherique, 202, 157-169.
  • Sandell, R., ve Nightingale, E. (2012). Museums, equality and social justice. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Su, M. M., ve Wall, G. (2010). Place attachment and heritage tourism at the Great Wall. Journal of China Tourism Research, 6(4), 396-409.
  • Tan, Siow-Kian, Tan, Siow-Hooi, Kok, Yon-Sin ve Choon, Shay-Wei (2018). Sense of place and sustainability of intangible cultural heritage- The case of George Town and Melaka. Tourism Management, 67, 376-387.
  • Timothy, D. J. (2018). Making sense of heritage tourism: Research trends in a maturing field of study. Tourism Management Perspectives, 25, 177-180.
  • Xiao, W., Mills, J., Guidi, G., Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, P., Barsanti, S. G. ve González-Aguilera, D. (2018). Geoinformatics for the conservation and promotion of cultural heritage in support of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. ISPRS, Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 142, 389-406.
  • UNESCO (1972). Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, http://whc.unesco.org/en/conventiontext/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.03.2020).
  • UNESCO (2003). Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. World Heritage Committee, https://ich.unesco.org/en/convention (Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2020).
  • UNESCO (2015). Policy Document for the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the World Heritage Convention. General Assembly of States Parties, http://whc.unesco.org/en/sustainabledevelopment/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.03.2020).
  • Urry, J. (1990). The tourist gaze: Leisure and travel in contemporary societies. London: Sage Publications.
  • Varnacı, U. F. ve Somuncu, M. (2011). Kültürel peyzajın korunması ve turizm ilişkisi bağlamında yerel halkın görüşleri: Ihlara Vadisi örneği. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevre Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 21-36.
  • Wilson, L. ve Boyle, E. (2006). Interorganizational collaboration at UK world heritage sites. Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 27(6), 501-523.
  • World Heritage Committee (2002). Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. https://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/26COM (Erişim Tarihi: 18.02.2020).

Sürdürülebilir Kültürel Miras Yönetimi: Turizm Paydaşlarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4, 1140 - 1156, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.803393

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, kültürel mirasın yönetimi sürecinde katılımcı, sürdürülebilir bakış açısı ile turizm paydaşlarının algı ve tutumları arasındaki farklılıkları incelemek ve olası sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerilerini sunmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Sürdürülebilir Kültürel Miras Yönetimi (SKMY) ile ilişkili olan sosyo-ekonomik, yönetsel, çevresel, bilgi paylaşımı, korumacı yaklaşım gibi faktörlerin, turizm paydaş gruplarına göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğine dair bir çalışma kapsamı oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın alan araştırması Konya ilinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Örneklem grubu olarak turizm paydaş gruplarından yerel halk, yerli ve yabancı turist, turizm işletmeleri, yerel yönetimler ve Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları (STK) çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Paydaşların algı ve tutumlarını ölçmek için önceden kullanılan bir anket formundan yararlanılarak yeni bir anket formu geliştirilmiştir. Yüz yüze yapılan görüşmeler neticesinde, turizm paydaş gruplarında yer alan 2080 kişiden incelenebilir veri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen anket verileri belirleyici istatistikler, faktör analizi, Kruskal Wallis-H, Mann-Whitney U gibi istatistiksel analiz yöntemleri yardımıyla incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, SKMY’nin sosyo-ekonomik, sürdürülebilir yönetim uygulamaları ve paydaşlar arası bilgi paylaşımı boyutlarında gruplar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmemiştir. Ancak; doğal kaynaklar ve enerji kullanımı, çevreci ulaşım uygulamaları, kültürel mirasın korunması, katılımcı yönetim uygulamaları ve taşıma kapasitesi boyutları açısından, paydaş grupları arasında anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Aas, C., Ladkin, A. ve Fletcher, J. (2005). Stakeholder collaboration and heritage management. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(1), 28-48.
  • Aygün, H. M. (2011). Kültürel mirası korumada katılımcılık. Vakıflar Dergisi, 35, 191-213.
  • Brimblecombe, P. (2014). Refining climate change threats to heritage. Journal of the Institute of Conservation, 37(2), 85-93.
  • Brumann, C. (2015). Cultural heritage. In J. D. Wright (Ed.). International Encyclopedia of the Social&Behavioral Sciences, (2nd ed.), Oxford: Elsevier.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2003). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Carbone, F., Oosterbeek, L., Costa, C. ve Ferreira, A. M. (2020). Extending and adapting the concept of quality management for museums and cultural heritage attractions: A comparative study of Southern European cultural heritage managers' perceptions. Tourism Management Perspectives, 35, 1-9.
  • Cassar, M. ve Pender, R. (2005). The impact of climate change on cultural heritage: evidence and response. In: ICOM Committee for Conservation: 14th Triennial Meeting, the Hague, Netherlands.
  • Chapin III, F. S. ve Knapp, C. N. (2015). Sense of place: A process for identifying and negotiating potentially contested visions of sustainability. Environmental Science&Policy, 53, 38-46.
  • Chiabrando, F., Sammartano, G. ve Spanò, A. (2016). Historical buildings models and their handling via 3d survey: From points clouds to user-oriented hbim. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry. Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLI-B5, XXIII ISPRS Congress, 12-19 July, Prague/Czech Republic.
  • Çömlekçi, N. (2001). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi ve istatistiksel anlamlılık sınamaları. Ankara: Bilim Teknik Yayınevi.
  • Dangal, R. (2015). Nepal Disaster Report 2015. The Government of Nepal. Ministry of Home Affairs and Disaster Preparedness, Network-Nepal.
  • Doğan, M. (2014). Sürdürülebilir destinasyon yönetimi bağlamında adalar: Bozcada üzerine bir model önerisi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Çanakkale 18 Mart Üniversitesi, Çanakkale.
  • Ekin, Y. ve Ören, V. E. (2012). Turizm paydaşlarının turizm deneyiminden tatmin düzeyleri ve turizme yönelik genel tutumları üzerine betimleyici bir araştırma: Antalya örneği. Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 133-148.
  • Ferretti, V., Bottero, M. ve Mondini, G. (2014). Decision making and cultural heritage: An application of the multi-attribute value theory for the reuse of historical buildings. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 15(6), 644-655.
  • Hall, C.M., Baird, T., James, M. ve Ram, Y. (2016). Climate change and cultural heritage: Conservation and heritage tourism in the anthropocene. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 11(1), 10-24.
  • Honari, H., Goudarzi, M., Heidari, A. ve Emami, A. (2010). A comparison of the viewpoints of tourists, interested managers and cultural heritage organization managers regarding sport tourism-driven job and income creation in Mazandaran- Iran. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 5659-5663.
  • Landorf, C. (2009). Managing for sustainable tourism: A review of six cultural world heritage sites. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(1), 53-70.
  • McKercher, B., Ho, P. S. Y. ve du Cros, H. (2005). Relationship between tourism and cultural heritage management: Evidence from Hong Kong. Tourism Management, 26(4), 539-548.
  • McKercher, B., ve du Cros, H. (2012). Cultural tourism: The partnership between tourism and cultural heritage management. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Nicholas, L. N., Thapa B. ve Yong, J. K. (2009). Residents’ perspectives of a world heritage site. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(3), 390-412.
  • Özdemir, G. (2014). Destinasyon yönetimi ve pazarlaması (1. Baskı). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Richards, G. (2001). Cultural attractions and European tourism. UK: CABI.
  • Richards, G., ve Munsters, W. (2010). Developments and perspectives in cultural tourism research. In G. Richards&W. Munsters (Eds.). Cultural Tourism Research Methods, UK: CABI.
  • Sabbioni, C., Cassar, M., Brimblecombe, P. ve Lefevre, R. (2009). Vulnerability of cultural heritage to climate change. Pollution Atmospherique, 202, 157-169.
  • Sandell, R., ve Nightingale, E. (2012). Museums, equality and social justice. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Su, M. M., ve Wall, G. (2010). Place attachment and heritage tourism at the Great Wall. Journal of China Tourism Research, 6(4), 396-409.
  • Tan, Siow-Kian, Tan, Siow-Hooi, Kok, Yon-Sin ve Choon, Shay-Wei (2018). Sense of place and sustainability of intangible cultural heritage- The case of George Town and Melaka. Tourism Management, 67, 376-387.
  • Timothy, D. J. (2018). Making sense of heritage tourism: Research trends in a maturing field of study. Tourism Management Perspectives, 25, 177-180.
  • Xiao, W., Mills, J., Guidi, G., Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, P., Barsanti, S. G. ve González-Aguilera, D. (2018). Geoinformatics for the conservation and promotion of cultural heritage in support of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. ISPRS, Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 142, 389-406.
  • UNESCO (1972). Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, http://whc.unesco.org/en/conventiontext/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.03.2020).
  • UNESCO (2003). Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. World Heritage Committee, https://ich.unesco.org/en/convention (Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2020).
  • UNESCO (2015). Policy Document for the Integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the World Heritage Convention. General Assembly of States Parties, http://whc.unesco.org/en/sustainabledevelopment/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.03.2020).
  • Urry, J. (1990). The tourist gaze: Leisure and travel in contemporary societies. London: Sage Publications.
  • Varnacı, U. F. ve Somuncu, M. (2011). Kültürel peyzajın korunması ve turizm ilişkisi bağlamında yerel halkın görüşleri: Ihlara Vadisi örneği. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevre Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 21-36.
  • Wilson, L. ve Boyle, E. (2006). Interorganizational collaboration at UK world heritage sites. Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 27(6), 501-523.
  • World Heritage Committee (2002). Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. https://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/26COM (Erişim Tarihi: 18.02.2020).
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Halkla İlişkiler - İletişim
Yazarlar

Fatih Varol 0000-0002-0258-5220

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Varol, F. (2020). Sürdürülebilir Kültürel Miras Yönetimi: Turizm Paydaşlarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(4), 1140-1156. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.803393