Öz
Entrepreneurship, which is
of great importance to the economies of almost all countries, has been
scientifically researched to increase the likelihood of the entrepreneur to
succeed. In the researches based on entrepreneurial and entrepreneurial
characteristics, the main objective is to predict the stages that can be
experienced. For this reason, many scholars are approaching the subject with
different perspectives, and classifications are made about enterprise and
entrepreneurship. Entrepreneur typologies are based on the classification of
entrepreneurs. These are “Craftsmen Entrepreneur” and “Opportunistic
Entrepreneur” typologies. In this study, the determination of typology of
Turkish entrepreneurs in Turkey and Germany, is aimed to be placed on the out
of the similarities and differences between them. For this purpose, 100 from
Germany and 100 from Turkey, including the Turkish entrepreneurs made a survey
with a total of 200 entrepreneurs, the data were collected. “Impact of Business
Establishment Reasons” and “Participation in Entrepreneurial Expressions”
scales were used to collect data. The results of the analysis show that Turkish
entrepreneurs in Germany and Turkey, under different parameters, were found to
be close to from “craftsmen entrepreneur” and “opportunistic entrepreneur”
typology.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Entrepreneurship Entrepreneur Typologies Craftsmen Entrepreneur Opportunistic Entrepreneur
Kaynakça
- Acs, Z. J. and Varga, A. (2005). Entrepreneurship, Agglomeration and Technological Change. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 323-334.
- Bridge, S., O’Neil, K. ve Cromie, S. (1998). Understanding enterprise, entrepreneurship and small business (2nd ed.). Palgrave/Macmillan.
- Bozkurt, Ö.Ç., Kalkan, A., Koyuncu, O. and Alparslan, A. M. (2012). Development of Entrepreneurship in Turkey: A Qualitative Research on Entrepreneurs. Journal of Suleyman Demirel University Institute of Social Sciences, 1 (15), 1-27.
- Bozkurt, Ö.Ç. and Alparslan, A. M. (2013). Entrepreneurship Education with Characteristics to Be Found in Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneur and Student Opinions. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Development, 8 (1), 7-28.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2015). Scientific Research Methods. (Enhanced 19th Edition), Pegem Akademi, Ankara.
- Carree, M. A. and Thurik, A. R. (2003). The İmpact Of Entrepreneurship On Economic Growth. In Handbook Of Entrepreneurship Research (pp. 437-471). Springer US.
- Casson, M. (1990). Internalisation Theory and Beyond. University of Reading.
- Coulter, M. (2003). Entrepreneurship in Action. (2. Baskı). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
- Demircan, N. (2000). An application on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs personality traits. Graduate Thesis, Gebze Advanced Technology Institute, Institute of Social Sciences, Business Administration Dept., Gebze.
- Dinçer, M. A. M., Yıldırım, M. and Dil, E. (2012). A Research on the Effect of Entrepreneurial Type in Determining the Strategy of the Company. Eskişehir Osmangazi University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 7 (2), 241-261.
- Dulupçu, M. A., Sungur, O., Demirgil, H., Senturk, C., Özkul, G. and Ezgn, A. (2007). Innovation, Cooperation and Entrepreneurship: Evaluation of the Attitudes of SMEs in the Western Mediterranean Region (Antalya-Burdur, Isparta, BBS TR61). TOBB Publications.
- EATBI, (2018). Entrepreneurship, http://www.atiad.org/tr/basic-conduct/entrepreneurship/, on February, 2018.
- Filion, L. J. (1998). Two Types of Entrepreneurs: The Operator and the Visionary: Consequences for Education. Montréal: École des hautes études commerciales, Working paper.
- Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), (2017). 2016/17 Global Report. Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA).
- Hansemark, O. C. (1998). The Effects of an Entrepreneurship Programme on Need For Achievement and Locus of Control of Reinforcement. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 4(1), 28-50.
- Hisrich, R., Peters, M. and Michael, S. D. (2005). Entrepreneurship, 6th. Boston: McGraw Hill, U.S.A.
- Hull, D. L., Bosley, J. J. ve Udell, G. G. (1980). Renewing The Hunt For The Heffalump: İdentifying Potential Entrepreneurs By Personality Characteristics. Journal Of Small Business Management (Pre-1986), 18(000001), 11.
- Ilhan, S. (2005). Entrepreneur Profile in Elazıg in terms of Some Variables. Fırat University Social Sciences Journal, 15 (1), 217-248.
- Kapu, H. (2001). Life and entrepreneurship values of entrepreneurs / managers living in Central and Southeastern Anatolia. Ph.D. Thesis, Marmara University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Business Administration, Istanbul.
- Karasar, N. (2014). Scientific Research Method: Concepts, Principles, Techniques. (26th Edition), Nobel Publishing, Ankara.
- Kılıç, S. (2016). Cronbach's Alfa Reliability Coefficient, Journal of Mood Disorders, 6 (1), 47-48.
- KOSGEB- Turkey Entrepreneurship Strategy and Action Plan 2015-2018.
- Kuratko, D. F. ve Hodgetts, R. M. (2001). Enterpreneurship–A Contemporary Approach. New York, Delmer Publishing.
- Kutanis, Ö. R. (2006). Girişimci Kadınlar, Sakarya: Değişim Yayınları.
- McClelland, D. (1961) Achievement Motivation Economic Development Economic History Entrepreneurship.
- Muller, P., Devnani, S., Julius, J., Gagliardi, D. ve Marzocchi, C. (2016). Annual Report on European SMEs, 2015-2016, (Ed. Karen Hope), European Union.
- Öğüt, A., Şendoğdu, A. and Yılmaz, N. (2006). Principles of Information Management in Terms of Entrepreneurship Typology. International Entrepreneurship Congress. Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 25-27 May 2006, the 431-436, Bishkek.
- Özkul, G. and Dulupçu, M. A. (2007). The Impact of Personal Development on Entrepreneurial Teams: An Investigation in the Provinces of Antalya-Isparta. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Development, 2 (2), 67-92.
- Özkul, G. (2008). Entrepreneurship Theories and Entrepreneurial Thrifts: An Investigation on the Entrepreneurs in Manufacturing Industry SMEs in Antalya-Burdur-Isparta Provinces (NUTS Level 2 TR61 Region). Master Thesis, Süleyman Demirel University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Economics, Isparta.
- Rauch, A. ve Frese, M. (2000). Psychological Approaches to Entrepreneurial Success: A General Model and An Overview of Findings. (Eds.) C.L. Cooper ve I.T. Robertson, International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Chichester: Wiley, 101-142.
- Raposo, M., do Paço, A. ve Ferreira, J. (2008). Entrepreneur's Profile: A Taxonomy Of Attribu Tes And Motivations of University Students. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(2), 405-418.
- Schumpeter, J. A. (1954). History of Economic Analysis, Oxford University Press.
- Sexton, D. L. ve Smilor, R. W. (1996). Entrepreneurship 2000. Kaplan Publishing.
- Siu, W. S. (1995). Entrepreneurial Typology: The Case of Ownermanagers in China. International Small Business Journal, 14(1), 53-64.
- Smith, N. R. ve Miner, J. B. (1983). Type of Entrepreneur, Type of Firm, and Managerial Motivation: Implications For Organizational Life Cycle Theory. Strategic Management Journal, 4(4), 325-340.
- Sönmez, A. and Toksoy, A. (2014). Entrepreneurship in Turkey and Turkish Entrepreneurs An Analysis Profile. Management and Economics, 21 (2), 41-58.
- Şen, F., Ulusoy, Y. and Şentürk, C. (2008). Turkish entrepreneurship in Germany and the European Union. Journal of International Social Research, 1 (2), 405-418.
- Şen, F. (2015). The European Union and the Economic Power of Turkish entrepreneurs in Germany and Turkey's Position in trade volume, Turkey-Europe Education and Scientific Research Foundation Publications, Research Project.
- Thompson, J. L. (1999). The World of The Entrepreneur–A New Perspective. Journal of Workplace Learning, 11(6), 209-224.
- Tulunay, L. (2010). Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneur Profile: Istanbul-Kayseri-Van Examples. Master Thesis, Hacettepe University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Business Administration, Ankara.
- Ufuk, H. and Özgen, Ö. (2000). Socio-Cultural and Economic Profiles of Female Entrepreneurs: Ankara Case, Ankara: KOSGEB Publications.
- Van Praag, C. M. ve Versloot, P. H. (2007). What is The Value of Entrepreneurship? A Review of Recent Research. Small Business Economics, 29(4), 351-382.
- Woo, C. Y., Cooper, A. C. and Dunkelberg, W. C. (1991). The Development And İnterpretation of Entrepreneurial Typologies. Journal of Business Venturing, 6(2), 93-114.
Öz
Neredeyse tüm ülke
ekonomileri için büyük önem taşıyan girişimcilik konusunda, başlangıç
aşamasından itibaren girişimcinin başarıya ulaşabilme olasılığını artırabilecek
yöntemler bilimsel olarak araştırılmaktadır. Girişim ve girişimci
özelliklerinden hareketle yapılan araştırmalarda temel hedef noktası,
yaşanabilecek evrelerin öngörülebilir olmasıdır. Bunun için birçok bilim dalı
konuya farklı bakış açıları ile yaklaşmakta, girişim ve girişimcilik konusunda
sınıflandırmalar yapılmaktadır. Girişimci tipolojileri, girişimcilerin
sınıflandırılabilmesi esasına dayanmaktadır. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmaların
birleştiği iki girişimci tipolojisi bulunmaktadır. Bunlar “esnaf girişimci” ve
“fırsatçı girişimci” tipolojileridir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki girişimciler
ile Almanya’daki Türk girişimcilerin girişimci tipolojilerinin belirlenmesi,
aralarındaki benzerlik ve farkların ortay konulabilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç
doğrultusunda Türkiye’den 100 ve Almanya’dan 100’er Türk girişimci olmak üzere
toplam 200 girişimci ile anket çalışması yapılarak veriler toplanmıştır.
Verileri toplamak için İşletme Kuruluş Nedenlerinin Etkisi ve Girişimcilikle
İlgili İfadelere Katılma ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda
Türkiye’deki girişimcilerin ve Almanya’daki Türk girişimcilerin, farklı
parametreler altında “esnaf girişimci” ve “fırsatçı girişimci” özelliklerinden
hangisine yakın oldukları tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Girişimcilik Girişimci Tipolojileri Esnaf Girişimci Fırsatçı Girişimci
Kaynakça
- Acs, Z. J. and Varga, A. (2005). Entrepreneurship, Agglomeration and Technological Change. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 323-334.
- Bridge, S., O’Neil, K. ve Cromie, S. (1998). Understanding enterprise, entrepreneurship and small business (2nd ed.). Palgrave/Macmillan.
- Bozkurt, Ö.Ç., Kalkan, A., Koyuncu, O. and Alparslan, A. M. (2012). Development of Entrepreneurship in Turkey: A Qualitative Research on Entrepreneurs. Journal of Suleyman Demirel University Institute of Social Sciences, 1 (15), 1-27.
- Bozkurt, Ö.Ç. and Alparslan, A. M. (2013). Entrepreneurship Education with Characteristics to Be Found in Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneur and Student Opinions. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Development, 8 (1), 7-28.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2015). Scientific Research Methods. (Enhanced 19th Edition), Pegem Akademi, Ankara.
- Carree, M. A. and Thurik, A. R. (2003). The İmpact Of Entrepreneurship On Economic Growth. In Handbook Of Entrepreneurship Research (pp. 437-471). Springer US.
- Casson, M. (1990). Internalisation Theory and Beyond. University of Reading.
- Coulter, M. (2003). Entrepreneurship in Action. (2. Baskı). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
- Demircan, N. (2000). An application on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs personality traits. Graduate Thesis, Gebze Advanced Technology Institute, Institute of Social Sciences, Business Administration Dept., Gebze.
- Dinçer, M. A. M., Yıldırım, M. and Dil, E. (2012). A Research on the Effect of Entrepreneurial Type in Determining the Strategy of the Company. Eskişehir Osmangazi University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 7 (2), 241-261.
- Dulupçu, M. A., Sungur, O., Demirgil, H., Senturk, C., Özkul, G. and Ezgn, A. (2007). Innovation, Cooperation and Entrepreneurship: Evaluation of the Attitudes of SMEs in the Western Mediterranean Region (Antalya-Burdur, Isparta, BBS TR61). TOBB Publications.
- EATBI, (2018). Entrepreneurship, http://www.atiad.org/tr/basic-conduct/entrepreneurship/, on February, 2018.
- Filion, L. J. (1998). Two Types of Entrepreneurs: The Operator and the Visionary: Consequences for Education. Montréal: École des hautes études commerciales, Working paper.
- Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), (2017). 2016/17 Global Report. Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA).
- Hansemark, O. C. (1998). The Effects of an Entrepreneurship Programme on Need For Achievement and Locus of Control of Reinforcement. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 4(1), 28-50.
- Hisrich, R., Peters, M. and Michael, S. D. (2005). Entrepreneurship, 6th. Boston: McGraw Hill, U.S.A.
- Hull, D. L., Bosley, J. J. ve Udell, G. G. (1980). Renewing The Hunt For The Heffalump: İdentifying Potential Entrepreneurs By Personality Characteristics. Journal Of Small Business Management (Pre-1986), 18(000001), 11.
- Ilhan, S. (2005). Entrepreneur Profile in Elazıg in terms of Some Variables. Fırat University Social Sciences Journal, 15 (1), 217-248.
- Kapu, H. (2001). Life and entrepreneurship values of entrepreneurs / managers living in Central and Southeastern Anatolia. Ph.D. Thesis, Marmara University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Business Administration, Istanbul.
- Karasar, N. (2014). Scientific Research Method: Concepts, Principles, Techniques. (26th Edition), Nobel Publishing, Ankara.
- Kılıç, S. (2016). Cronbach's Alfa Reliability Coefficient, Journal of Mood Disorders, 6 (1), 47-48.
- KOSGEB- Turkey Entrepreneurship Strategy and Action Plan 2015-2018.
- Kuratko, D. F. ve Hodgetts, R. M. (2001). Enterpreneurship–A Contemporary Approach. New York, Delmer Publishing.
- Kutanis, Ö. R. (2006). Girişimci Kadınlar, Sakarya: Değişim Yayınları.
- McClelland, D. (1961) Achievement Motivation Economic Development Economic History Entrepreneurship.
- Muller, P., Devnani, S., Julius, J., Gagliardi, D. ve Marzocchi, C. (2016). Annual Report on European SMEs, 2015-2016, (Ed. Karen Hope), European Union.
- Öğüt, A., Şendoğdu, A. and Yılmaz, N. (2006). Principles of Information Management in Terms of Entrepreneurship Typology. International Entrepreneurship Congress. Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 25-27 May 2006, the 431-436, Bishkek.
- Özkul, G. and Dulupçu, M. A. (2007). The Impact of Personal Development on Entrepreneurial Teams: An Investigation in the Provinces of Antalya-Isparta. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Development, 2 (2), 67-92.
- Özkul, G. (2008). Entrepreneurship Theories and Entrepreneurial Thrifts: An Investigation on the Entrepreneurs in Manufacturing Industry SMEs in Antalya-Burdur-Isparta Provinces (NUTS Level 2 TR61 Region). Master Thesis, Süleyman Demirel University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Economics, Isparta.
- Rauch, A. ve Frese, M. (2000). Psychological Approaches to Entrepreneurial Success: A General Model and An Overview of Findings. (Eds.) C.L. Cooper ve I.T. Robertson, International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Chichester: Wiley, 101-142.
- Raposo, M., do Paço, A. ve Ferreira, J. (2008). Entrepreneur's Profile: A Taxonomy Of Attribu Tes And Motivations of University Students. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(2), 405-418.
- Schumpeter, J. A. (1954). History of Economic Analysis, Oxford University Press.
- Sexton, D. L. ve Smilor, R. W. (1996). Entrepreneurship 2000. Kaplan Publishing.
- Siu, W. S. (1995). Entrepreneurial Typology: The Case of Ownermanagers in China. International Small Business Journal, 14(1), 53-64.
- Smith, N. R. ve Miner, J. B. (1983). Type of Entrepreneur, Type of Firm, and Managerial Motivation: Implications For Organizational Life Cycle Theory. Strategic Management Journal, 4(4), 325-340.
- Sönmez, A. and Toksoy, A. (2014). Entrepreneurship in Turkey and Turkish Entrepreneurs An Analysis Profile. Management and Economics, 21 (2), 41-58.
- Şen, F., Ulusoy, Y. and Şentürk, C. (2008). Turkish entrepreneurship in Germany and the European Union. Journal of International Social Research, 1 (2), 405-418.
- Şen, F. (2015). The European Union and the Economic Power of Turkish entrepreneurs in Germany and Turkey's Position in trade volume, Turkey-Europe Education and Scientific Research Foundation Publications, Research Project.
- Thompson, J. L. (1999). The World of The Entrepreneur–A New Perspective. Journal of Workplace Learning, 11(6), 209-224.
- Tulunay, L. (2010). Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneur Profile: Istanbul-Kayseri-Van Examples. Master Thesis, Hacettepe University Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Business Administration, Ankara.
- Ufuk, H. and Özgen, Ö. (2000). Socio-Cultural and Economic Profiles of Female Entrepreneurs: Ankara Case, Ankara: KOSGEB Publications.
- Van Praag, C. M. ve Versloot, P. H. (2007). What is The Value of Entrepreneurship? A Review of Recent Research. Small Business Economics, 29(4), 351-382.
- Woo, C. Y., Cooper, A. C. and Dunkelberg, W. C. (1991). The Development And İnterpretation of Entrepreneurial Typologies. Journal of Business Venturing, 6(2), 93-114.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Ana Bölüm |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 16 Aralık 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 3 |
