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Akıllı Turizmde Sürdürülebilir Uygulamalar

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 50 - 60, 15.05.2022

Abstract

Turizm endüstrisinde artan rekabet ortamında rekabet ve sürdürülebilirlik stratejilerini iyi belirlemiş destinasyonlar daha başarılı olmaktadır. Bununla birlikte gelişen teknoloji turizm sektöründe de hızlı gelişmeler kaydetmiştir. Bu gelişmelere paralel akıllı turizm kavramı önemli bir şekilde ortaya çıkmıştır. Akıllı turizm destinasyonların rekabet gücünü arttırırken, kaynaklarını verimli yönetmesi için teknolojik yenilikler ve uygulamalarla sürdürülebilirliği de ön planda tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; akıllı turizmde sürdürülebilir uygulamaları tanımlamak ve örneklendirmektir. Çalışmada akıllı turizmin sürdürülebilir uygulamalarına yer verilmiştir. Avrupa Birliği tarafından 2018 yılında başlatılan Avrupa Akıllı Turizm Başkenti (European Capital of Smart Tourism) girişiminde finale kalan şehirlerin en iyi sürdürülebilir uygulamaları incelenmiştir. Sürdürülebilirlikte en iyi uygulamalarda Kopenhag, Malaga, Helsinki ve Tallin gibi şehirlerin dikkat çekici akıllı turizmde sürdürülebilir uygulamaları bulunmaktadır.

References

  • Alkan, C. (2015). Sürdürülebilir Turizm: Alaçatı Destinasyonuna Yönelik Bir Uygulama. Yaşar Üniversitesi Dergisi, 10(40), 6692-6710.
  • Angelidou, M. (2015). Smart Cities: A Conjuncture of Four Forces. Cities 47, 95–106.
  • Atamhenwan, E. (2015). What is Sustainable Tourism? Possibility and Impossibility of Sustainable Tourism. Edinburgh.
  • Atay, L., Yalçınkaya, P. ve Bahar, F. (2019). İstanbul’daki Akıllı Otel Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(1), 667-678.
  • Aydoğdu, Ü. R., Karamustafaoğlu, O. ve Bülbül, M. Ş. (2017). Akademik Araştırmalarda Araştırma Yöntemleri ile Örneklem İlişkisi: Doğrulayıcı Doküman Analizi Örneği. Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gokalp Education Faculty, 30, 556-565.
  • Bakıcı, T., Almiral, E. ve Wareham, J.(2012). A Smart City Initiative: the Case of Barcelona. Journal of Knowledge Economy, 4, 135-148.
  • Becken, S. ve Hay, J. (2012). Climate Change and Tourism: From Policy to Practice. Routledge.
  • Bramwell, B. (1993). Sustainable Tourism: An Evolving Global Approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1(1), 1-5.
  • Bramwell, B. ve Lane, B. (2012). Towards Innovation in Sustainable Tourism Research. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(1), 1-7.
  • Buhalis, D. ve Amaranggana, A. (2013). Smart Tourism Destinations. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014 (pp. 553-564). Cham: Springer.
  • Buhalis, D. ve Amaranggana, A. (2015). Smart Tourism Destinations. Enhancing Tourism Experience through Personalization of Services, Conference Paper.
  • Cacho, A., Figueredo, M., Cassio, A., Araujo, M. V. Mendes, L., Lucas, J., Farias, H., Coelho, J., Cacho, N. ve Prolo, C.(2016). Social Smart Destination: A Platform to Analyze User Generated Content in Smart Tourism Destinations. In New Advances in Information Systems and Technologies (pp. 817-826). ISBN 978-3-319-31232-3.
  • Cavagnaro, E. ve Curiel, G. (2017). The Three Levels of Sustainability. Routledge.
  • Çelik, P. ve Topsakal, Y. (2019). Endüstri 4.0 ve Akıllı Turizm. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Çetin, M. (2006). Teori ve Uygulamada Bölgesel Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma. CÜ İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 1-20.
  • Datta, A. A.(2015). 100 Smart Cities, A 100 Utopias. Dialogues in Human Geogaphy, 5, 49-53.
  • Encalada, L., Boavida-Portugal, I., Ferreira, C. C. ve Rocha, J., (2017). Identifying Tourist Places of Interest Based on Digital Imprints: Towards a Sustainable Smart City. Sustainability, 9, 2317.
  • Fistola, R.,Anna, R. ve Rocca, L. (2013). Smart City Planning: A Systemic Approach. In Proceedings of the 6th Knowledge Cities World Summit, KCWS 2013, Istanbul, Turkey, 9–12 September 2013; pp. 520-529.
  • González-Reverté. F. (2019). Building Sustainable Smart Destinations: An Approach Based on the Development of Spanish Smart Tourism Plans. Sustainability, 11(23), 6874.
  • Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z. ve Koo, C. (2015). Smart Tourism: Foundations and Developments. Electron Markets, 25(3), 179-188.
  • Hacıoğlu, N. ve Avcıkurt, C. (2011). Turistik Ürün Çeşitlendirilmesi. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Hall, C. M. ve Lew, A. A. (2009). Understanding and Managing Tourism Impacts: An Integrated Approach. Routledge.
  • Hunter, C. (1997). Sustainable Tourism as an Adaptive Paradigm. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(4), 850-867.
  • Hunter, C. (2002). Sustainable Tourism and the Touristic Ecological Footprint. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 4(1), 7-20.
  • Hunter, W. C., Chung, N., Gretzel, U. ve Koo, C. (2015). Constructivist Research in Smart Tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems, 25(1), 105-120.
  • Ivars, J., Solsona, F. J. ve Giner, D. (2016). Gestión Turística y Tecnología de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC): El Nuevo Enfoque de los Destinos Inteligentes. Tourism Management and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs): The New Smart Destinations Approach. Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica, 6, 327-346.
  • Karataş, Z. (2015). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Manevi Temelli Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 62-80.
  • Kaya, İ. (1997). Sürdürülebilir Turizm Kalkınması ve Ülkemiz Açısından Bir Değerlendirme, Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Turizm İşletmeciliği ve Otelcilik Anabilim Dalı, Balıkesir.
  • Kiral, B. (2020). Nitel Bir Veri Analizi Yöntemi Olarak Doküman Analizi. Siirt Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(15), 170-189.
  • La Rocca, R.A. (2014). The Role of Tourism in Planning the Smart City. Journal of Land Use Mobility and Environment, 3, 273.
  • Lamsfus, C., Martín, D., Alzua-Sorzabal, A. ve Torres-Manzanera, E. (2015). Smart Tourism Destinations: An Extended Conception of Smart Cities Focusing on Human Mobility. In I. Tussyadiah ve A. Inversini (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism (pp. 363–375). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
  • Lenzen, M., Sun, Y. Y., Faturay, F., Ting, Y. P., Geschke, A. ve Malik, A. (2018). The Carbon Footprint of Global Tourism. Nature Climate Change, 8(6), 522-528.
  • Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. H., Randers, J. ve Behrens III, W. W. (1972). The Limits to Growth: A Report to the Club of Rome. Washington: A Potomac Associates Book.
  • Pelit, E., Baytok, A. ve Soybalı, H. H. (2015). Sürdürülebilir Turizm Mi? Turizmde Sürdürülebilirlik Mi? Kavramsal Bir Tartışma. GÜSBEED, 6(14), 39-58.
  • Perles, F. ve Ivars, J. (2018). Smart Sustainability: A New Perspective in the Sustainable Tourism Debate. Journak of Regional Research Investigaciones Regionales, 42, 151–170.
  • Postma, A. (2013). When the Tourists Flew in: Critical Encounters in the Development of Tourism. PhD Thesis, Groningen University, Groningen.
  • Pünjer, L. S. (2013). Sustainable Tourism in National Parks - The Impact of the Peak District Environmental Quality Mark. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg.
  • Rebollo, J. F. V. ve Baidal, J. A. I. (2003). Measuring Sustainability in a Mass Tourist Destination: Pressures, Perceptions and Policy Responses in Torrevieja, Spain. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(2-3), 181-203.
  • Rojko, A. (2017). Industry 4.0 Concept: Background and Overview. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 11(5), 77-90.
  • Sharpley, R. (2000). Tourism and Sustainable Development: Exploring the Theoretical. Tourism and Sustainable Development: Exploring the Theoretical Divide. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(1), 1-19.
  • Silik, C. E. ve Dündar, Y. (2020) Sürdürülebilirlik Kapsamında Akıllı Turizm Destinasyonları. B. Ilgaz (Ed.), Akıllı Kent Akıllı Turizm (ss. 117-137). Ankara: Gazi Kitapevi.
  • Su, K., Li, J. ve Fu, H. (2011). Smart City and the Applications. Fu School of Computer Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China.
  • Sürdürülebilir Turizm Nedir? (2017). gelecekteturizmde.com: https://www.gelecekturizmde.com/surdurulebilir-turizm-nedir/ adresinden alındı.
  • Tokmak, C. (2008). Sürdürülebilir Turizm Açısından Taşıma Kapasitesi: Topkapı Sarayı Örneği. Ankara.
  • UNWTO (2011). Sustainable Tourism for Development Guidebook. https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284415496
  • UNWTO (2013). Sustainable Tourism for Development Guidebook. European Commission, Directorate-General Development and Cooperation. Madrid: UNWTO.
  • UNWTO (2020). International Tourist Arrivals could Fall by 20-30% in 2020. https://www.unwto.org/news/international-tourism-arrivals-could-fall-in-2020
  • WCED (1987). WCED, Our Common Future. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press.
  • Young, O. (1999). The Effectiveness of International Environmental Regimes: Causal Connections and Behavioral Mechanisms. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
  • Yu, C. P. S., Chancellor, H. C. ve Cole, S. T. (2011). Measuring Residents’ Attitudes Toward Sustainable Tourism: A Reexamination of The Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale. Journal of Travel Research, 50(1), 57-63.
  • https://smart-tourism-capital.ec.europa.eu/index_en, Erişim Tarihi: 10/09/2021

Sustainable Practices in Smart Tourism

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 50 - 60, 15.05.2022

Abstract

In the increasingly competitive environment in the tourism industry, destinations with well-defined competition and sustainability strategies are more successful. In addition, developing technology has made rapid developments in the tourism sector. In parallel with these developments, the concept of smart tourism has emerged in an important way. While smart tourism increases the competitiveness of destinations, it also prioritizes sustainability with technological innovations and practices in order to manage its resources efficiently. The aim of this study; to define and exemplify sustainable practices in smart tourism. In the study, sustainable practices of smart tourism are included. In the European Smart Tourism Capital initiative, which was launched by the European Union in 2018, the best sustainable practices of the cities that reached the finals were examined. Cities such as Copenhagen, Malaga, Helsinki and Tallinn have remarkable smart tourism sustainable practices in sustainability best practices.

References

  • Alkan, C. (2015). Sürdürülebilir Turizm: Alaçatı Destinasyonuna Yönelik Bir Uygulama. Yaşar Üniversitesi Dergisi, 10(40), 6692-6710.
  • Angelidou, M. (2015). Smart Cities: A Conjuncture of Four Forces. Cities 47, 95–106.
  • Atamhenwan, E. (2015). What is Sustainable Tourism? Possibility and Impossibility of Sustainable Tourism. Edinburgh.
  • Atay, L., Yalçınkaya, P. ve Bahar, F. (2019). İstanbul’daki Akıllı Otel Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(1), 667-678.
  • Aydoğdu, Ü. R., Karamustafaoğlu, O. ve Bülbül, M. Ş. (2017). Akademik Araştırmalarda Araştırma Yöntemleri ile Örneklem İlişkisi: Doğrulayıcı Doküman Analizi Örneği. Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gokalp Education Faculty, 30, 556-565.
  • Bakıcı, T., Almiral, E. ve Wareham, J.(2012). A Smart City Initiative: the Case of Barcelona. Journal of Knowledge Economy, 4, 135-148.
  • Becken, S. ve Hay, J. (2012). Climate Change and Tourism: From Policy to Practice. Routledge.
  • Bramwell, B. (1993). Sustainable Tourism: An Evolving Global Approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1(1), 1-5.
  • Bramwell, B. ve Lane, B. (2012). Towards Innovation in Sustainable Tourism Research. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(1), 1-7.
  • Buhalis, D. ve Amaranggana, A. (2013). Smart Tourism Destinations. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014 (pp. 553-564). Cham: Springer.
  • Buhalis, D. ve Amaranggana, A. (2015). Smart Tourism Destinations. Enhancing Tourism Experience through Personalization of Services, Conference Paper.
  • Cacho, A., Figueredo, M., Cassio, A., Araujo, M. V. Mendes, L., Lucas, J., Farias, H., Coelho, J., Cacho, N. ve Prolo, C.(2016). Social Smart Destination: A Platform to Analyze User Generated Content in Smart Tourism Destinations. In New Advances in Information Systems and Technologies (pp. 817-826). ISBN 978-3-319-31232-3.
  • Cavagnaro, E. ve Curiel, G. (2017). The Three Levels of Sustainability. Routledge.
  • Çelik, P. ve Topsakal, Y. (2019). Endüstri 4.0 ve Akıllı Turizm. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Çetin, M. (2006). Teori ve Uygulamada Bölgesel Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma. CÜ İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 1-20.
  • Datta, A. A.(2015). 100 Smart Cities, A 100 Utopias. Dialogues in Human Geogaphy, 5, 49-53.
  • Encalada, L., Boavida-Portugal, I., Ferreira, C. C. ve Rocha, J., (2017). Identifying Tourist Places of Interest Based on Digital Imprints: Towards a Sustainable Smart City. Sustainability, 9, 2317.
  • Fistola, R.,Anna, R. ve Rocca, L. (2013). Smart City Planning: A Systemic Approach. In Proceedings of the 6th Knowledge Cities World Summit, KCWS 2013, Istanbul, Turkey, 9–12 September 2013; pp. 520-529.
  • González-Reverté. F. (2019). Building Sustainable Smart Destinations: An Approach Based on the Development of Spanish Smart Tourism Plans. Sustainability, 11(23), 6874.
  • Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z. ve Koo, C. (2015). Smart Tourism: Foundations and Developments. Electron Markets, 25(3), 179-188.
  • Hacıoğlu, N. ve Avcıkurt, C. (2011). Turistik Ürün Çeşitlendirilmesi. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Hall, C. M. ve Lew, A. A. (2009). Understanding and Managing Tourism Impacts: An Integrated Approach. Routledge.
  • Hunter, C. (1997). Sustainable Tourism as an Adaptive Paradigm. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(4), 850-867.
  • Hunter, C. (2002). Sustainable Tourism and the Touristic Ecological Footprint. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 4(1), 7-20.
  • Hunter, W. C., Chung, N., Gretzel, U. ve Koo, C. (2015). Constructivist Research in Smart Tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems, 25(1), 105-120.
  • Ivars, J., Solsona, F. J. ve Giner, D. (2016). Gestión Turística y Tecnología de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC): El Nuevo Enfoque de los Destinos Inteligentes. Tourism Management and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs): The New Smart Destinations Approach. Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica, 6, 327-346.
  • Karataş, Z. (2015). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Manevi Temelli Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 62-80.
  • Kaya, İ. (1997). Sürdürülebilir Turizm Kalkınması ve Ülkemiz Açısından Bir Değerlendirme, Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Turizm İşletmeciliği ve Otelcilik Anabilim Dalı, Balıkesir.
  • Kiral, B. (2020). Nitel Bir Veri Analizi Yöntemi Olarak Doküman Analizi. Siirt Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(15), 170-189.
  • La Rocca, R.A. (2014). The Role of Tourism in Planning the Smart City. Journal of Land Use Mobility and Environment, 3, 273.
  • Lamsfus, C., Martín, D., Alzua-Sorzabal, A. ve Torres-Manzanera, E. (2015). Smart Tourism Destinations: An Extended Conception of Smart Cities Focusing on Human Mobility. In I. Tussyadiah ve A. Inversini (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism (pp. 363–375). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
  • Lenzen, M., Sun, Y. Y., Faturay, F., Ting, Y. P., Geschke, A. ve Malik, A. (2018). The Carbon Footprint of Global Tourism. Nature Climate Change, 8(6), 522-528.
  • Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. H., Randers, J. ve Behrens III, W. W. (1972). The Limits to Growth: A Report to the Club of Rome. Washington: A Potomac Associates Book.
  • Pelit, E., Baytok, A. ve Soybalı, H. H. (2015). Sürdürülebilir Turizm Mi? Turizmde Sürdürülebilirlik Mi? Kavramsal Bir Tartışma. GÜSBEED, 6(14), 39-58.
  • Perles, F. ve Ivars, J. (2018). Smart Sustainability: A New Perspective in the Sustainable Tourism Debate. Journak of Regional Research Investigaciones Regionales, 42, 151–170.
  • Postma, A. (2013). When the Tourists Flew in: Critical Encounters in the Development of Tourism. PhD Thesis, Groningen University, Groningen.
  • Pünjer, L. S. (2013). Sustainable Tourism in National Parks - The Impact of the Peak District Environmental Quality Mark. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg.
  • Rebollo, J. F. V. ve Baidal, J. A. I. (2003). Measuring Sustainability in a Mass Tourist Destination: Pressures, Perceptions and Policy Responses in Torrevieja, Spain. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(2-3), 181-203.
  • Rojko, A. (2017). Industry 4.0 Concept: Background and Overview. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 11(5), 77-90.
  • Sharpley, R. (2000). Tourism and Sustainable Development: Exploring the Theoretical. Tourism and Sustainable Development: Exploring the Theoretical Divide. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(1), 1-19.
  • Silik, C. E. ve Dündar, Y. (2020) Sürdürülebilirlik Kapsamında Akıllı Turizm Destinasyonları. B. Ilgaz (Ed.), Akıllı Kent Akıllı Turizm (ss. 117-137). Ankara: Gazi Kitapevi.
  • Su, K., Li, J. ve Fu, H. (2011). Smart City and the Applications. Fu School of Computer Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China.
  • Sürdürülebilir Turizm Nedir? (2017). gelecekteturizmde.com: https://www.gelecekturizmde.com/surdurulebilir-turizm-nedir/ adresinden alındı.
  • Tokmak, C. (2008). Sürdürülebilir Turizm Açısından Taşıma Kapasitesi: Topkapı Sarayı Örneği. Ankara.
  • UNWTO (2011). Sustainable Tourism for Development Guidebook. https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284415496
  • UNWTO (2013). Sustainable Tourism for Development Guidebook. European Commission, Directorate-General Development and Cooperation. Madrid: UNWTO.
  • UNWTO (2020). International Tourist Arrivals could Fall by 20-30% in 2020. https://www.unwto.org/news/international-tourism-arrivals-could-fall-in-2020
  • WCED (1987). WCED, Our Common Future. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press.
  • Young, O. (1999). The Effectiveness of International Environmental Regimes: Causal Connections and Behavioral Mechanisms. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
  • Yu, C. P. S., Chancellor, H. C. ve Cole, S. T. (2011). Measuring Residents’ Attitudes Toward Sustainable Tourism: A Reexamination of The Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale. Journal of Travel Research, 50(1), 57-63.
  • https://smart-tourism-capital.ec.europa.eu/index_en, Erişim Tarihi: 10/09/2021
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Pınar Çelik 0000-0003-0599-4086

Publication Date May 15, 2022
Submission Date March 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çelik, P. (2022). Akıllı Turizmde Sürdürülebilir Uygulamalar. Journal of Tourism Intelligence and Smartness, 5(1), 50-60.